Subsequently, the transition from the personal power of the Stuart kings to the more constitutional role of the Hanovers occurred in the eighteenth century, after the so-called ‘Glorious Revolution’ of 1688 (actually an invasion of Britain by the Dutch Prince William of Orange, supported by some influential British political and religious figures), which led to the deposition of the Catholic King James II and the establishment of the Protestant dual monarchy under William and Mary (1689–1702). The Hanoverian kings and queens also had to combat Jacobite rebellions in 1715 and 1745 before their thrones were secure. Looking back from the twenty-first century, however, it is possible to interpret all these vicissitudes as part of the lengthy process of moving to a constitutional monarchy in Br
