57 Literally ‘his scrotum was filled with blood’. I translated the intention of the author here to clear up any ambiguity. [Trans.]
58 See Moorish Spain, R. Fletcher, Phoenix, (1998). Fletcher suggests that after the fall of the Umayyads, Andalusia split up into various smaller kingdoms, which all sought legitimacy for their rule. It meant that many of these rulers would patronise the arts to further their aims in achieving legitimacy. Hence artists and intellectuals from all the corners of the world would flock to Andalusia during this period. The period, also known as ‘asr al-muluk at-tawa’if or the Age of the Party Kings, was one of the most creatively fruitful periods in the history of the Iberian Peninsula.
59 See Oriental Undertones in Clauswitz and American Modern Statecraft
