Saartje

Transpiration and Guttation

The next day, they woke up.

'Sister didn't come home last night?' asked Sarah.

No.

Why are you?

Your daddy hasn't come home from the night, your mommy too.

Daddy is used to not coming home. If mommy .. Sarah said to stop the conversation.

Mommy why are you dear?

Mommy and daddy have been separated for a long time.

Divorced?

Yes aunty.

How long has it been?

6 years aunty.

I see.

Yes aunty.

Now you have breakfast first, my sister has prepared it in the kitchen.

Yes sis.

Aunty have you eaten?

Already dear.

Okay.

Sarah had breakfast and Fredericka tidied Sarah's room.

Where are you going Sarah?

Do you want to go to school?

Where do you go to school dear?

At SMPN 4 sis.

"Sarah, let's go, aunty, assalamualaikum," said Sarah, kissing the back of Fredericka's hand.

Yes, dear, wa'alaikumsalam, do you want to accompany me or not?

You don't have to. I just walk all the sports, really close from here.

Oh I see, have you been careful, dear.

Yes aunty.

6 hours passed, it was time for all students to go home.

"Assalamualaikum aunty" said Sarah knocking on the door.

Wa'alaikumsalam.

Sarah immediately kissed the back of Fredericka's hand when she opened the door.

Come on in, honey, you've already prepared food.

Yes, Sarah, I want to take a shower first.

Okay.

Sarah came out of her room and they ate together.

Sarah.

Yes aunty.

After eating, we'll continue yesterday.

OK sis.

They continued their lesson yesterday.

Yesterday we learned about living things, do you remember Sarah? what are living things?

Humans, animals and plants.

Then, what else?

Hmm.

Forgot to go on.

Hmm okay.

Yesterday we discussed about respiration, now respiration is a biochemical process, in which the cells of an organism obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose. Then produce the release of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).

Although humans produce carbon dioxide, respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis. Due to the presence of autotrophs which are taken up by water, along with sunlight, to make glucose and oxygen.

The products of respiration are carbon dioxide and water. Which is then used for the process of photosynthesis in plants.

The function of respiration is to:

Number one: Allows to talk and kiss.

Number two: Warms the air to suit with body temperature.

Number three: Moisturizing the body to a level required humidity.

Number four: Provides oxygen to cells inside the body.

Number five: Eliminate waste gas, including carbon dioxide, from body when exhaling.

The latter: Protects the airways from substances dangerous and irritating.

The process of respiration in humans

- Inhale air through the mouth and nose.

This process is marked with stretching

of the diaphragm when breathe so give

the widest possible space for entry of

oxygen.

- From nose or mouth, oxygen enter the

body through back of throat, through

the larynx.

- Then part ways, enter the bronchial

tubes, which are two tubes that carry

air to the right and left lung (each

called a bronchus).

- The bronchial tubes are lined with tiny

hairs called cilia moving back and

forth, carry mucus up and down

outside. Mucus is a sticky liquid that

collects dust, germs, and other

materials that go into lungs and

expelled when sneezing and coughing.

- After that, the gas will be divided again

into a smaller channel called

bronchioles and sacs air are called

alveoli.

This is where the process of external respiration occurs, namely the transfer of oxygen from the lungs to the blood.

The rest of the respiration process is carbon dioxide, which is released by the body through the process of exhaling. Characterized by the back shrinking of the diaphragm muscle, thus helping the lungs to expel carbon dioxide from the nose or mouth.

For example, the process of respiration, when we open our mouth and exhale in front of the glass. Water vapor will be formed as a result of cellular respiration in the body.

Transpiration is the process of releasing water vapor from the surface of the plant body, mostly through the stomata.

'What are stomata, Sis?' ask Sarah

Stomata are parts of the leaf that have pores and are protected by guard cells. These cells can open and close to secrete certain substances. Stomata are located on the underside of the leaf.

Sarah came out and plucked a leaf and then showed it to Fredericka.

Is this sis?

Yes dear.

I see.

OK, let's move on.

Transpiration process:

That first one: water is absorbed by the roots plants for metabolism. However, not all results absorption is used most of them are released returned by the plant.

Second: after from the root, the water will be changed into water vapour. Then, just only about three percent used. The rest is thrown away back in the form of water vapor through leaves, stems and flowers.

Kinds of Transpiration

Transpiration consists of several types, namely:

Number one: cuticle Transpiration

There are some plants that carry out the process of transpiration through the cuticle of the epidermis live. While some

big plants can't do it because on

basically, the cuticle is a part leaves that are difficult for water to pass.

Number two: stomata transpiration

Transpiration through stomata is

the main and carried out by most plants. Water evaporates through the mesophyll wall, then move into space between cells. After that, the water moves from the intercellular space to the atmosphere through the stomata.

Transpiration Function

The functions of transpiration are the following:

One: keeping the temperature on the leaves to stay stable.

Number two: increase mineral absorption that enters the body

plants together with water absorption.

Number three: get rid of excess water that is not reused on the body plant.

Final: Prevents dehydration in plants.

Factors Affecting Transpiration Rate Are

Factors that affect the rate of transpiration are the following seven things:

Number one: Soil Moisture. Transpiration rate is greatly affected by soil moisture due to it relates to the amount of water

which can be absorbed by the roots.

If the soil is moist, then large amount of water absorbed so that the rate of transpiration increase. On the other hand, if less soil moisture, then transpiration rate will also follow

decreased because there is not much water which is absorbed.

Number two: Ambient Temperature. The definition of transpiration is the process of releasing water vapor affected by the ambient temperature. Increase in temperature drives water molecules faster so the diffusion process also increases. As a result, the transpiration rate becomes faster than before.

Number three: Air Humidity. Water vapor can escape into the atmosphere when there is a difference in humidity

between plants and air. High humidity

can hinder the process transpiration due to moving water vapor from a humid area to an area drier. As a result, the speed transpiration decreases. On the other hand, when the humidity the air is low, the transpiration rate will increase because higher plant humidity.

Number four: Light Effect. Factors affecting speed. Transpiration is the effect of light. Light causes stomata

open to enter CO2 which plays an important role in plant metabolism. When stomata open is transpiration

happened too. That is, when stomata open, then CO2 enters into the plant body and steam water moves into the atmosphere.

Number five: Wind Speed. Strong winds can accelerate the movement of water vapor thereby increasing the speed

transpiration.

Number six: Atmospheric Pressure. Transpiration rate is very affected by atmospheric pressure also. When the atmospheric pressure is low, the transpiration rate will be increase. On the other hand, speed transpiration will decrease at increased atmospheric pressure.

The latter: Internal factors in plants. In addition to the external factors that

already discussed above, speed

Transpiration is also affected by

factors from within the plant alone. Internal factors affect transpiration is

leaf surface area, ratio root-leaf, and leaf structure. We need to know that every plant have the same shape and structure

different. The bigger the size leaves, it will cause transpiration acceleration due to where transpiration occurs. The main focus is on leaf stomata. Transpiration is also very dependent on leaf structure, for example in terms of leaf thickness.

Guttation is a process by which water is removed from plants. Guttation usually occurs on the leaf surface, where the water is removed from the plant tissue by Idatodes. Guttation is less common than transpiration. In order for guttation to occur, the plant must be exposed to certain conditions which then cause water to escape.

These plants can absorb water through the roots and lose water through the leaves. The seeds are tiny, those drops of water evaporate once a week, but with old trees, that's more than 1000 liters of evaporation per day. When sweat passes, water from the leaves evaporates through small spaces called stomata.

There is a small part that is often less than 1% of water which is then absorbed by plants which is used or used for metabolic reactions or also hydrolysis. Some of the water absorbed by the plant is then transferred through the leaves.

Difference between Guttation and Transpiration:

Depending on the time of day, the guttation process occurs at night or in the morning. Meanwhile, the guttation process takes place in the sun (through the stomata) and lasts all day (through the cuticle or lens cells).

In the transpiration process, the form of water released is in the form of water vapor, while in the mutation process there is a drop of water (liquid).

Do you understand Sarah?

Zzz... Zzz... Zzz...

'Ouch, this child is described as Length×Width×Height and she's sleeping,' said Fredericka, patting his forehead.

'Hmmm... Shall I just surprise her so she wakes up' said Fredericka in her heart.

'Sarah wake up Sarah is on fire' said Fredericka in a panicked tone.

Sarah woke up and hurried away.

Aunty where is the fire? Sarah said carrying a bucket filled with water

Hahahaha.. I'm just kidding and you believe it

'Ouch' Sarah answered weakly and patted her forehead. Just disturb people sleeping, you're already there, I'm going to sleep again.

How is this lesson?

"Tomorrow I'll just sleep there you go home" said Sara, locking the door to her room.

Sarah opens the door, what if I get scolded by your daddy?

Later, I will tell daddy, I'm already sleepy, I want to sleep, after all, daddy isn't there.

Hmm.

Knock... Knock... Sarah open the door, kid.

Fredericka who heard it immediately rushed to open the door.

'Uh uncle Alderts' said Fredericka.

Where's Sarah Fre?

Sarah is already asleep.

I see.

Yes.

If you want to go home, just go home and let me accompany Sarah.

Ok, uncle, assalamualaikum.

Yes wa'alaikumsalam, be careful.

Yes, thank you.