The Civil Wars

Index

Acarn[=a]n[)i]a, a region of Greece, _Carnia_

Acco, prince of the Sen[)o]nes, his conduct on Caesar's approach, G. vi.

4; condemned in a council of the Gauls, vi. 44

Achaia, sometimes taken for all Greece, but most commonly for a part of

it only; in Peloponnesus, _Romania alta_

Achillas, captain of Ptolemy's guards, sent to kill Pompey, C. iii. 104;

appointed by Pothinus commander of all the Egyptian forces, _ibid_. 108;

heads an army of twenty thousand veteran troops, _ibid_. 110

Acilla, or Achilla, or Acholla. There were two cities in Africa of this

name, one inland, the other on the coast. The modern name of the latter

is _Elalia_

Acilius, Caesar's lieutenant, C. iii. 15

Act[)i]um, a promontory of Epirus, now called the _Cape of Tigalo_,

famous for a naval victory gained near it, by Augustus, over M. Antony

Act[)i]us, a Pelignian, one of Pompey's followers, taken by Caesar, and

dismissed in safety, C. i. 18

Act[)i]us Rufus accuses L. Apanius of treachery, C. iii. 83

Act[)i]us Varus prevents Tubero from landing in Africa, C. i. 31; his

forces, C. ii. 23; his camp, _ibid_. 25; engages Curio, _ibid_. 34; his

danger, defeat, and stratagem, _ibid_. 35

Adcant[)u]annus sallies upon Crassus at the head of a chosen body of

troops, G. iii. 22

Add[)u]a, the _Adda_, a river that rises in the Alps, and, separating

the duchy of Milan from the state of Venice, falls into the Po above

Cremona

Adriatic Sea, the _Gulf of Venice_, at the extremity of which that city

is situated

Adrum[=e]tum, a town in Africa, _Mahometta_; held by Considius Longus

with a garrison of one legion, C. ii. 23

Aduat[)u]uci (in some editions Atuatici), descendants of the Teutones

and Cimbri, G. ii. 29; they furnish twenty-nine thousand men to the

general confederacy of Gaul, _ibid_. 4; Caesar obliges them to submit,

_ibid_. 29

Aed[)u]i, the _Autunois_, a people of Gaul, near _Autun_, in the country

now called _Lower Burgundy_; they complain to Caesar of the ravages

committed in their territories by the Helvetii, G. i. 11; join in a

petition against Ariovistus, _ibid_. 33; at the head of one of the two

leading factions of Gaul, G. vi. 12; Caesar quiets an intestine

commotion among them, C. vii. 33; they revolt from the Romans, G. vii.

54; their law concerning magistrates, _ibid_. 33; their clients, i. 31;

vii. 75

Aeg[=e]an Sea, the _Archipelago_, a part of the Mediterranean which lies

between Greece, Asia Minor, and the Isle of Crete

Aeg[=i]n[)i]um, a town of Thessaly; Domitius joins Caesar near that

place, C. iii. 79

Aegus and Roscillus, their perfidious behaviour towards Caesar, C. iii.

59, 60

Aegyptus, _Egypt,_ an extensive country of Africa, bounded on the west

by part of Marmarica and the deserts of Lybia, on the north by the

Mediterranean, on the east by the Sinus Arabicus, and a line drawn from

Arsino[)e] to Rhinocolura, and on the south by Aethiopia. Egypt,

properly so called, may be described as consisting of the long and

narrow valley which follows the course of the Nile from Syene

(_Assooan_) to _Cairo,_ near the site of the ancient Memphis. The name

by which this country is known to Europeans comes from the Greeks, some

of whose writers inform us that it received this appellation from

Aegyptus, son of Belus, it having been previously called Aeria. In the

Hebrew scriptures it is called Mitsraim, and also Matsor and Harets

Cham; of these names, however, the first is the one most commonly

employed

Aemilia Via, a Roman road in Italy, from Rimini to Aquileia, and from

Pisa to Dertona

Aet[=o]lia, a country of Greece, _Despotato;_ recovered from Pompey by

the partisans of Caesar, C. iii. 35

Afr[=a]nius, Pompey's lieutenant, his exploits in conjunction with

Petreius, C. i. 38; resolves to carry the war into Celtiberia, _ibid_.

61; surrenders to Caesar, _ibid_. 84

Afr[)i]ca, one of the four great continents into which the earth is

divided; the name seems to have been originally applied by the Romans to

the country around Carthage, the first part of the continent with which

they became acquainted, and is said to have been derived from a small

Carthaginian district on the northern coast, called _Frigi._ Hence, even

when the name had become applied to the whole continent, there still

remained in Roman geography the district of Africa Proper, on the

Mediterranean coast, corresponding to the modem kingdom of _Tunis,_ with

part of that of _Tripoli_

Agend[)i]c*m, a city of the Senones, _Sens_; Caesar quarters four

legions there, G. vi. 44; Labienus leaves his baggage in it under a

guard of new levies, and sets out for Lutetia, G. vii. 57

Alba, a town of Latium, in Italy, _Albano_; Domitius levies troops in

that neighbourhood, C. i. 15

Alb[=i]ci, a people of Gaul, unknown; some make them the same with the

_Vivarois_; taken into the service of the Marseillians, C. i. 34

Albis, the _Elbe,_ a large and noble river in Germany, which has its

source in the Giant's Mountains in Silesia, on the confines of Bohemia,

and passing through Bohemia, Upper and Lower Saxony, falls into the

North Sea at Ritzbuttel, about sixty miles below Hamburg

Alces, a species of animals somewhat resembling an elk, to be found in

the Hercynian forests, C. vi. 27

Alemanni, or Alamanni, a name assumed by a confederacy of German tribes,

situated between the Neckar and the Upper Rhine, who united to resist

the encroachments of the Roman power. According to Mannert, they derived

their origin from the shattered remains of the army of Ariovistus

retired, after the defeat and death of their leader, to the mountainous

country of the Upper Rhine. After their overthrow by Clovis, king of the

Salian Franks, they ceased to exist as one nation, and were dispersed

over Gaul, Switzerland, and Nether Italy. From them L'Allemagne, the

French name for Germany, is derived

Alemannia, the country inhabited by the Alemanni

Alesia, or Alexia, a town of the Mandubians, _Alise_; Caesar shuts up

Vercingetorix there, C. vii. 68; surrounds it with lines of

circumvallation and contravallation, _ibid_. 69, 72; obliges it to

surrender, _ibid_. 89

Alexandr[=i]a, a city of Egypt, _Scanderia_. It was built by Alexander

the Great, 330 years before Christ; Caesar pursues Pompey thither, C.

iii. 106

Aliso, by some supposed to be the town now called _Iselburg_; or,

according to Junius, _Wesel_, in the duchy of Cleves, but more probably

_Elsen_

Allier (El[=a]ver), Caesar eludes the vigilance of Vercingetorix, and by

an artifice passes that river, G. vii. 35

All[)o]br[)o]ges, an ancient people of Gallia Transalp[=i]na, who

inhabited the country which is now called _Dauphiny, Savoy,_ and

_Piedmont_. The name, Allobroges, means highlanders, and is derived from

Al, "high," and Broga, "land." They are supposed to be disaffected to

the Romans, G. i. 6; complain to Caesar of the ravages of the

Helvetians, _ibid_. 11

Alps, a ridge of high mountains, which separates France and Germany from

Italy. That part of them which separates Dauphiny from Piedmont was

called the Cottian Alps. Their name is derived from their height, Alp

being an old Celtic appellation for "a lofty mountain"; Caesar crosses

them with five legions, G. i. 10; sends Galba to open a free passage

over them to the Roman merchants, G. iii. 1

Alsati[)a], a province of Germany, in the upper circle of the Rhine,

_Alsace_

Amagetobr[)i]a, a city of Gaul, unknown; famous for a defeat of the

Gauls there by Ariovistus, G. i. 31

Amant[)i]a, a town in Macedonia, _Porto Raguseo_; it submits to Caesar,

and sends ambassadors to know his pleasure, C. iii. 12

Am[=a]nus, a mountain of Syria, _Alma Daghy,_ near which Scipio sustains

some losses, C. iii. 31

Am[=a]ni Pylae, or Am[=a]nicae Portae, _Straits of Scanderona_

Ambarri, a people of Gaul, uncertain; they complain to Caesar of the

ravages committed in their territories by the Helvetii, G. i. 11

Ambialites, a people of Gaul, of _Lamballe in Bretagne_. Others take the

word to be only a different name for the Ambiani; they join in a

confederacy with the Veneti against Caesar, G. iii. 9

Ambi[=a]ni, or Ambianenses, the people of _Amiens;_ they furnish ten

thousand men to the general confederacy of the Belgians against Caesar,

G. ii. 4; sue for peace, and submit themselves to Caesar's pleasure, G.

ii. 15

Ambi[=a]num, a city of Belgium, _Amiens_

Amb[)i]b[)a]ri, a people of Gaul, inhabiting _Ambie_, in Normandy

Amb[)i][)o]rix, his artful speech to Sabinus and Cotta, G. v. 27; Caesar

marches against him, G. vi. 249. Ravages and lays waste his territories,

_ibid_. 34; endeavours in vain to get him into his hands, _ibid_. 43

Ambivar[)e]ti, a people of Gaul, the _Vivarais_. They are ordered to

furnish their contingent for raising the siege of Alesia, G. vii. 75

Ambivar[=i]ti, an ancient people of _Brabant_, between the Rhine and the

Maese; the German cavalry sent to forage among them, G. iv. 9

Ambr[)a]c[)i]a, a city of Epirus, _Arta_; Cassius directs his march

thither, C. iii. 36

Ambrones, an ancient people, who lived in the country which is now

called the _Canton of Bern_, in Switzerland

Amph[)i]l[)o]chia, a region of Epirus, _Anfilocha_. Its inhabitants

reduced by Cassius Longinus, C. iii. 55

Amph[)i]p[)o]lis, a city of Macedonia, _Cristopoli_, or _Emboli_. An

edict in Pompey's name published there, C. iii. 102

Anartes, a people of Germany, _Walachians_, _Servians_, or _Bulgarians_,

bordering upon the Hercynian Forest, G. vi. 25

Anas, a river of Spain, the _Guadiana_, or _Rio Roydera_, bounding that

part of Spain under the government of Petreius, C. i. 38

Anc[)a]l[=i]tes, a people of Britain, of the hundred of _Henley_, in

Oxfordshire; they send ambassadors to Caesar with an offer of

submission, G. v. 21

Anch[)i][)a]los, a city of Thrace, near the Euxine Sea, now called

_Kenkis_

Ancibarii, or Ansivarii, an ancient people of Lower Germany, of and

about the town of _Ansestaet_, or _Amslim_

Anc[=o]na, _Ancona_, a city of Italy, on the coast of Pisenum. It is

supposed to derive its name from the Greek word [Greek: agkon], an angle

or elbow, on account of the angular form of the promontory on which it

is built. The foundation of Ancona is ascribed by Strabo to some

Syracusans, who were fleeing from the tyranny of Dionysius. Livy speaks

of it as a naval station of great importance in the wars of Rome with

the Illyrians. We find it occupied by Caesar (C. i. 2) shortly after

crossing the Rubicon; Caesar takes possession of it with a garrison of

one cohort, C. i. 11

Andes, _Angers_, in France, the capital of the duchy of Anjou

Andes, a people of Gaul, the ancient inhabitants of the duchy of Anjou;

Caesar puts his troops into winter quarters among them, G. ii. 35

Andomad[=u]num Ling[)o]num, a large and ancient city of Champagne, at

the source of the river Marne, _Langres_

Anglesey (Mona), an island situated between Britain and Ireland, where

the night, during the winter, is said to be a month long, G. v. 13

Angrivarii, an ancient people of Lower Germany, who dwelt between the

Ems and the Weser, below the Lippe

Ansivarii, see _Ancibarii_

Antioch[=i]a, _Antachia_, an ancient and famous city, once the capital

of Syria, or rather of the East. It is situate on two rivers, the

Orontes and the Phaspar, not far from the Mediterranean; refuses to

admit the fugitives after the battle of Pharsalia, C. iii. 102

Ant[=o]nius (Mark Antony), Caesar's lieutenant, G. vii. i i; quaestor,

G. viii. 2; governor of Brundusium, C. iii. 24; his standing for that

priesthood, G. vii. 50; obliges Libo to raise the siege of Brundusium,

C. iii. 24; and in conjunction with Kalenus transports Caesar's troops

to Greece, _ibid_. 26

Apam[=e]a, _Apami_, a city of Bithynia, built by Nicomedes, the son of

Prusias

Apennine Mountains, a large chain of mountains, branching off from the

Maritime Alps, in the neighbourhood of Genoa, running diagonally from

the Ligurian Gulf to the Adriatic, in the vicinity of Ancona; from which

it continues nearly parallel with the latter gulf, as far as the

promontory of Garg[=a]nus, and again inclines to Mare Inf[)e]rum, till

it finally terminates in the promontory of Leucopetra, near Rhegium. The

etymology of the name given to these mountains must be traced to the

Celtic, and appears to combine two terms of that language nearly

synonymous, Alp, or Ap, "a high mountain," and Penn, "a summit"

Apoll[=o]n[)i]a, a city of Macedonia, _Piergo_. Pompey resolves to

winter there, C. iii. 5; Caesar makes himself master of it, _ibid_. iii.

12

Appia Via, the Appian road which led from Rome to Campania, and from the

sea to Brundusium. It was made, as Livy informs us, by the censor,

Appius Caecus, A.U.C. 442, and was, in the first instance, only laid

down as far as Capua, a distance of about 125 miles. It was subsequently

carried on to Beneventum, and finally to Brundusium. According to

Eustace (_Classical Tour_, vol. iii.), such parts of the Appian Way as

have escaped destruction, as at _Fondi_ and _Mola_, show few traces of

wear and decay after a duration of two thousand years

Apsus, a river of Macedonia, the _Aspro_. Caesar and Pompey encamp over

against each other on the banks of that river, C. iii. 13

Apulia, a region of Italy, _la Puglia_. Pompey quarters there the

legions sent by Caesar, C. i. 14

Aquil[=a]ria, a town of Africa, near Clupea. Pompey quarters there the

legions sent by Caesar, C. i. 14; Curio arrives there with the troops

designed against Africa. C. ii. 23

Aquileia, formerly a famous and considerable city of Italy, not far from

the Adriatic, now little more than a heap of ruins, _Aquilegia_. Caesar

draws together the troops quartered there, G. i. 10

Aquitania, a third part of ancient Gaul, now containing _Guienne_,

_Gascony_, etc.

Aquit[=a]ni, the Aquitanians reduced under the power of the Romans by

Crassus, G. iii. 20-22; very expert in the art of mining, _ibid_. 21

Arar, or Araris, a river of Gaul, the Sa[^o]ne; the Helvetians receive a

considerable check in passing this river, G. i. 12

Arduenna Silva, the forest of _Ardenne_, in France, reaching from the

Rhine to the city of Tournay, in the low countries; Indutiom[)a]rus

conceals in it the infirm and aged, G. v. 3; Caesar crosses it in quest

of Ambiorix, G. vi. 29

Arecomici Volcae, Caesar plants garrisons among them, G. vii. 7

Arel[=a]te, or Arel[=a]tum, or Arelas, a city of Gaul, _Arles_. Caesar

orders twelve galleys to be built there, C. i. 36

Ar[)i]m[)i]num, a city of Italy, _Rimini_; Caesar having sounded the

disposition of his troops, marches thither, C. i. 8

Ar[)i][)o]vistus, king of the Germans, his tyrannical conduct towards

the Gauls, G. i. 31; Caesar sends ambassadors to him demanding an

interview, _ibid_. 34; he is defeated and driven entirely out of Gaul,

_ibid_. 52

Arles, see _Arelate_

Arm[)e]n[)i]a, a country of Asia, divided into the greater or lesser,

and now called _Turcomania_

Armorici, the ancient people of Armorica, a part of Gallia Celtica, now

_Bretagne_; they assemble in great numbers to attack L. Roscius in his

winter quarters, G. v. 53

Arr[=e]t[)i]um, a city of Etruria, in Italy, _Arezzo_; Antony sent

thither with five cohorts, C. i. 10

Arverni, an ancient people of France, on the Loire, whose chief city was

Arvernum, now _Clermont_, the capital of _Auvergne_; suddenly invaded,

and their territories ravaged by Caesar, G. vii. 8

Asculum, a town of Italy, _Ascoli_; Caesar takes possession of it, C. i.

16

Asparagium, a town in Macedonia, unknown; Pompey encamps near it with

all his forces, C. iii. 30

Astigi, or Astingi, a people of Andalusia, in Spain

Athens, one of the most ancient and noble cities of Greece, the capital

of Attica. It produced some of the most distinguished statesmen,

orators, and poets that the world ever saw, and its sculptors and

painters have been rarely rivalled, never surpassed. No city on the

earth has ever exercised an equal influence on the educated men of all

ages. It contributes to fit out a fleet for Pompey, C. iii. 3

Atreb[)a]tes, an ancient people of Gaul, who lived in that part of the

Netherlands which is now called _Artois_; they furnish fifteen thousand

men to the general confederacy of Gaul, G. ii. 4

Attica, a country of Greece, between Achaia and Macedonia, famous on

account of its capital, Athens

Attuarii, a people of ancient Germany, who inhabited between the Maese

and the Rhine, whose country is now a part of the duchy of _Gueldes_

Atuatuca, a strong castle, where Caesar deposited all his baggage, on

setting out in pursuit of Ambiorix, G. vi. 32; the Germans unexpectedly

attack it, _ibid_. 35

Augustod[=u]num, _Autun_, a very ancient city of Burgundy, on the river

Arroux

Aulerci Eburovices, a people of Gaul, in the country of _Evreux_, in

Normandy

Aulerci Brannovices, a people of Gaul, _Morienne_

Aulerci Cenomanni, a people of Gaul, the country of _Maine_

Aulerci Diablintes, a people of Gaul, _le Perche_

Aulerci reduced by P. Crassus, G, ii. 34; m******e their senate, and

join Viridovix, G. iii. 17; Aulerci Brannovices ordered to furnish their

contingent to the relief of Alesia, G. vii. 7; Aulerci Cenomanni furnish

five thousand, _ibid_.; Aulerci Eburovices three thousand, _ibid_.

Ausci, a people of Gaul, those of _Auchs_ or _Aux_, in Gascony; they

submit to Crassus and send hostages, G. iii. 27

Auset[=a]ni, a people of Spain, under the Pyrenean mountains; they send

ambassadors to Caesar, with an offer of submission, C. i. 60

Aux[)i]mum, a town in Italy, _Osimo_, or _Osmo_; Caesar makes himself

master of it, C. i. 15

Av[=a]r[)i]c*m, a city of Aquitaine, the capital of the Biturigians,

_Bourges_; besieged by Caesar, G. vii. 13; and at last taken by storm,

_ibid_. 31

Ax[)o]na, the river _Aisne_, Caesar crosses it in his march against the

Belgians, G. ii. 5, 6

Bac[=e]nis, a forest of ancient Germany, which parted the Suevi from the

Cherusci; by some supposed to be the Forests of _Thuringia_, by others

the _Black Forest_; the Suevians encamp at the entrance of that wood,

resolving there to await the approach of the Romans, G vi. 10

Bac[)u]lus, P. Sextius, his remarkable bravery, G. vi. 38

Baet[)i]ca, in the ancient geography, about a third part of Spain,

containing _Andalusia_, and a part of _Granada_

Bagr[)a]das, a river of Africa, near Ut[)i]ca, the _Begrada_; Curio

arrives with his army at that river, C. ii. 38

Bale[=a]res Ins[)u]lae, several islands in the Mediterranean Sea,

formerly so called, of which _Majorca_ and _Minorca_ are the chief; the

inhabitants famous for their dexterity in the use of the sling, G. ii. 7

Bat[)a]vi, the ancient inhabitants of the island of Batavia

Batavia, or Batavorum Insula, _Holland_, a part of which still retains

the name of _Betuwe_; formed by the Meuse and the Wal, G. iv. 10

Belgae, the inhabitants of Gallia Belgica. The original Belgae were

supposed to be of German extraction; but passing the Rhine, settled

themselves in Gaul. The name Belgae belongs to the Cymric language, in

which, under the form _Belgiaid_, the radical of which is _Belg_, it

signifies warlike; they are the most warlike people of Gaul, G. i. 1;

withstand the invasion of the Teutones and Cimbri, G. ii. 4; originally

of German extraction, _ibid_.; Caesar obliges them to decamp and return

to their several habitations, _ibid_. 11

Belgia, Belgium, or Gallia Belgica, the _Low Countries_, or

_Netherlands_

Bellocassi, or Velocasses, a people of Gaul, inhabiting the country of

_Bayeux_, in Normandy; they furnish three thousand men to the relief of

Alesia, G. vii. 75

Bell[)o]v[)a]ci, an ancient renowned people among the Belgae, inhabiting

the country now called _Beauvais_ in France; they furnish a hundred

thousand men to the general confederacy of Belgium, G. ii. 4; join in

the general defection under Vercingetorix, G. vii. 59; again take up

arms against Caesar, viii. 7; but are compelled to submit and sue for

pardon

Bergea, a city of Macedonia, now called _Veria_

Berones, see _Retones_

Bessi, a people of Thrace, _Bessarabia_; they make part of Pompey's

army, C. iii. 4

Bethuria, a region of Hispania Lusitanica, _Estremadura_

Bibracte, a town of Burgundy, now called _Autun_, the capital of the

Aedui; Caesar, distressed for want of corn, marches thither to obtain a

supply, G. i. 23

Bibrax, a town of Rheims, _Braine_, or _Bresne_; attacked with great

fury by the confederate Belgians, G. ii. 6

Bibr[)o]ci, a people of Britain; according to Camden, _the hundred of

Bray_, in Berkshire; they send ambassadors to Caesar to sue for peace,

G. v. 21

Bib[)u]lus burns thirty of Caesar's ships, C. iii. 8; his hatred of

Caesar, _ibid_. 8, 16; his cruelty towards the prisoners that fell into

his hands, _ibid_. 14; his death, _ibid_. 18; death of his two sons,

_ibid_. 110

Bigerriones, a people of Gaul, inhabiting the country now called

_Bigorre,_ in Gascony; they surrender and give hostages to Crassus, G.

iii. 27

Bithynia, a country of Asia Minor, adjoining to Troas, over against

Thrace, _Becsangial_

Bit[:u]r[)i]ges, a people of Guienne, in France, of the country of

_Berry;_ they join with the Arverni in the general defection under

Vercingetorix, G. vii. 5

Boeotia, a country in Greece; separated from Attica by Mount Citheron.

It had formerly several other names and was famous for its capital,

Thebes; it is now called _Stramulipa_

Boii, an ancient people of Germany who, passing the Rhine, settled in

Gaul, the _Bourbonnois;_ they join with the Helvetians in their

expedition against Gaul, G. i. 5; attack the Romans in flank, _ibid_.

25; Caesar allows them to settle among the Aeduans, _ibid_. 28

Bor[=a]ni, an ancient people of Germany, supposed by some to be the same

as the Burii

Bosphor[=a]ni, a people bordering upon the Euxine Sea, _the Tartars_

Bosph[)o]rus, two straits of the sea so called, one Bosphorus Thracius,

now the _Straits of Constantinople;_ the other Bosphorus Climerius, now

the _Straits of Caffa_

Brannov[=i]ces, the people of _Morienne,_ in France

Brannovii furnished their contingent to the relief of Alesia, C. vii. 75

Bratuspant[)i]um, a city of Gaul, belonging to the Bellov[)a]ci,

_Beauvais;_ it submits, and obtains pardon from Caesar, G. ii. 13

Bridge built by Caesar over the Rhine described, G. iv. 7

Br[)i]tannia, Caesar's expedition thither, G. iv. 20; description of the

coast, 23; the Romans land in spite of the vigorous opposition of the

islanders, 26; the Britons send ambassadors to Caesar to desire a peace,

which they obtain on delivery of hostages, 27; they break the peace on

hearing that Caesar's fleet was destroyed by a storm, and set upon the

Roman foragers, 30; their manner of fighting in chariots; they fall upon

the Roman camp, but are repulsed, and petition again for peace, which

Caesar grants them, 33-35; Caesar passes over into their island a second

time, v. 8; drives them from the woods where they had taken refuge, 9;

describes their manners and way of living, 12; defeats them in several

encounters, 15-21; grants them a peace, on their giving hostages, and

agreeing to pay a yearly tribute, 22

Brundusium, a city of Italy, _Brindisi._ By the Greeks it was called

[Greek: Brentesion], which in the Messapian language signified a stag's

head, from the resemblance which its different harbours and creeks bore

to that object; Pompey retires thither with his forces, C. i. 24; Caesar

lays siege to it, 26; Pompey escapes from it by sea, upon which it

immediately surrenders to Caesar, 28; Libo blocks up the port with a

fleet, C. iii. 24; but by the valour of Antony is obliged to retire,

_ibid_.

Brutii, a people of Italy, _the Calabrians._ They were said to be

runaway slaves and shepherds of the Lucanians, who, after concealing

themselves for a time, became at last numerous enough to attack their

masters, and succeeded at length in gaining their independence. Their

very name is said to indicate that they were revolted slaves: [Greek:

Brettious gar kalousi apostatas], says Strabo, speaking of the Lucanians

Br[=u]tus, appointed to command the fleet in the war against the people

of Vannes, G. iii. 11; engages and defeats at sea the Venetians, 14; and

also the people of Marseilles, C. i. 58; engages them a second time with

the same good fortune, ii. 3

Bullis, a town in Macedonia, unknown; it sends ambassadors to Caesar

with an offer of submission, C. iii. 12

Buthr[=o]tum, a city of Epirus, _Butrinto,_ or _Botronto_

Byzantium, an ancient city of Thrace, called at different times Ligos,

Nova Roma, and now _Constantinople_

Cabill[=o]num, a city of ancient Gaul, _Chalons sur Sa[^o]ne_

Cad[=e]tes, a people of Gaul, unknown

Cadurci, a people of Gaul, inhabiting the country of _Quercy_

Caeraesi, a people of Belgic Gaul, inhabiting the country round Namur;

they join in the general confederacy of Belgium against Caesar, G. i. 4

Caesar, hastens towards Gaul, C. i. 7; refuses the Helvetians a passage

through the Roman province, _ibid_.; his answer to their ambassadors,

14; defeats and sends them back into their own country, 25-27; sends

ambassadors to Ariovistus, 34; calls a council of war: his speech, 40;

begins his march, 41; his speech to Ariovistus, 43; totally routs the

Germans, and obliges them to repass the Rhine, 53; his war with the

Belgians, ii. 2; reduces the Suessi[)o]nes and Bellov[)a]ci, 12, 13; his

prodigious slaughter of the Nervians, 20-27; obliges the Atuatici to

submit, 32; prepares for the war against the Venetians, iii. 9; defeats

them in a naval engagement, and totally subdues them, 14, 15; is obliged

to put his army into winter quarters, before he can complete the

reduction of the Menapians and Morini, 29; marches to find out the

Germans; his answer to their ambassadors, iv. 8; attacks them in their

camp and routs them, 14, 15; crosses the Rhine, and returns to Gaul, 17

--19; his expedition into Britain described, 22; refits his navy, 31;

comes to the assistance of his foragers whom the Britons had attacked,

34; returns to Gaul, 36; gives orders for building a navy, v. 1; his

preparations for a second expedition into Britain, 2; marches into the

country of Treves to prevent a rebellion, 3; marches to Port Itius, and

invites all the princes of Gaul to meet him there, 5; sets sail for

Britain, 8; describes the country and customs of the inhabitants, 12;

fords the river Thames, and puts Cassivellaunus, the leader of the

Britons, to flight, 18; imposes a tribute upon the Britons and returns

into Gaul, 23; routs the Nervians, and relieves Cicero, 51; resolves to

winter in Gaul, 53; his second expedition into Germany, vi. 9; his

description of the manners of the Gauls and Germans, 13; his return into

Gaul, and vigorous prosecution of the war against Ambiorix, 27; crosses

the mountains of the Cevennes in the midst of winter, and arrives at

Auvergne, which submits, vii. 8; takes and sacks Genabum, 11; takes

Noviodunum, and marches from thence to Avaricum, 12; his works before

Alesia, 69; withstands all the attacks of the Gauls, and obliges the

place to surrender, 89; marches into the country of the Biturigians, and

compels them to submit, viii. 2; demands Guturvatus, who is delivered up

and put to death, 38; marches to besiege Uxellodunum, 39; cuts off the

hands of the besieged at Uxellodunum, 44; marches to Corfinium, and

besieges it, C. i. 16, which in a short time surrenders, 22; he marches

through Abruzzo, and great part of the kingdom of Naples, 23; his

arrival at Brundusium, and blockade of the haven, 24; commits the siege

of Marseilles to the case of Brutus and Trebonius, 36; his expedition to

Spain, 37; his speech to Afranius, 85; comes to Marseilles, which

surrenders. C. ii. 22; takes Oricum, iii. 8; marches to Dyrrhachium to

cut off Pompey's communication with that place, 41; sends Canuleius into

Epirus for corn, 42; besieges Pompey in his camp, his reasons for it,

43; encloses Pompey's works within his fortifications: a skirmish

between them, 45; his army reduced to great straits for want of

provisions, 47; offers Pompey battle, which he declines, 56; sends

Clodius to Scipio, to treat about a peace, whose endeavours prove

ineffectual, 57; joins Domitius, storms and takes the town of Gomphis in

Thessaly, in four hours' time, 80; gains a complete victory over Pompey

in the battle of Pharsalia, 93; summons Ptolemy and Cleopatra to attend

him, 107; burns the Alexandrian fleet, 111

Caesar[=e]a, the chief city of Cappadocia

Caesia Sylva, the _Caesian_ Forest, supposed to be a part of the

Hercynian Forest, about the duchy of Cleves and Westphalia

Calagurritani, a people of Hispania Tarraconensis, inhabiting the

province of _Calahorra;_ send ambassadors to Caesar with an offer of

submission, C. i. 60

Cal[)e]tes, an ancient people of Belgic Gaul, inhabiting the country

called _Le Pais de Caulx,_ in Normandy, betwixt the Seine and the sea;

they furnish ten thousand men in the general revolt of Belgium, G. ii. 4

Cal[)y]don, a city of Aetolia, _Ayton,_ C. iii. 35

C[)a]m[)e]r[=i]num, a city of Umbria, in Italy, _Camarino_

Camp[=a]n[)i]a, the most pleasant part of Italy, in the kingdom of

Naples, now called _Terra di Lavoro_

Campi Can[=i]ni, a place in the Milanese, in Italy, not far from

Belizona

Campi Catalaunici, supposed to be the large plain which begins about two

miles from Chalons sur Marne

Cam[=u]l[)o]g[=e]nus appointed commander-in-chief by the Parisians, G.

vii. 57; obliges Labienus to decamp from before Paris, _ibid.;_ is

slain, 62

Cadav[)i]a, a country of Macedonia, _Canovia_

Caninefates, an ancient people of the lower part of Germany, near

Batavia, occupying the country in which Gorckum, on the Maese, in South

Holland, now is

Can[=i]nius sets Duracius at liberty, who had been shut up in Limonum by

Dumnacus, G. viii. 26; pursues Drapes, 30; lays siege to Uxellodunum, 33

Cant[)a]bri, the Cantabrians, an ancient warlike people of Spain,

properly of the provinces of _Guipuscoa_ and _Biscay_; they are obliged

by Afranius to furnish a supply of troops, C. i. 38

Cantium, a part of England, _the county of Kent_

C[)a]nus[=i]um, a city of Apulia, in Italy, _Canosa_. The splendid

remains of antiquity discovered among the ruins of Canosa, together with

its coins, establish the Grecian origin of the place

Cappadocia, a large country in Asia Minor, upon the Euxine Sea

Capr[)e]a, _Capri_, an island on the coast of Campania

Cap[)u]a, _Capha_, a city in the kingdom of Naples, in the Provincia di

Lavoro

C[)a]r[)a]les, a city of Sardinia, _Cagliari_

C[)a]r[)a]l[)i]t[=a]ni, the people of _Cagliari_, in Sardinia; they

declare against Pompey, and expel Cotta with his garrison, C. i. 30

Carc[)a]so, a city of Gaul, _Carcassone_

Carm[=o]na, a town of Hispania Baetica, _Carmone_; declares for Caesar,

and expels the enemy's garrison, C. ii. 19

Carni, an ancient people, inhabiting a part of Noricum, whose country is

still called _Carniola_

Carn[=u]tes, an ancient people of France, inhabiting the territory now

called _Chartres_; Caesar quarters some troops among them, G. ii. 35;

they openly assassinate Tasgetins, G. v. 25; send ambassadors to Caesar

and submit, vi. 4; offer to be the first in taking up alms against the

Romans, vii. 2; attack the Biturigians, but are dispersed and put to

flight by Caesar. viii. 5

Carpi, an ancient people near the Danube

Cassandr[)e]a, a city of Macedonia, _Cassandria_

Cassi, a people of ancient Britain, _the hundred of Caishow_, in

_Hertfordshire_; they send ambassadors and submit to Caesar, G. v. 21

Caesil[=i]num, a town in Italy, _Castelluzzo_

Cassivellaunus, chosen commander-in-chief of the confederate Britons, G.

v. 11; endeavours in vain to stop the course of Caesar's conquests, 18;

is obliged to submit, and accept Caesar's terms, 22

Cassius, Pompey's lieutenant, burns Caesar's fleet in Sicily, C. iii.

101

Castellum Menapiorum, _Kessel_, a town in Brabant, on the river Neerse,

not far from the Maese

Cast[)i]cus, the son of Catam['a]ntaledes, solicited by Orgetorix to

invade the liberty of his country, G. i. 3

Castra Posthumiana, a town in Hispania Baetica, _Castro el Rio_

Castra Vetera, an ancient city in Lower Germany, in the duchy of Cleves;

some say where _Santon_, others where _Byrthon_ now is

Castulonensis Saltus, a city of Hispania Tarraconensis, _Castona la

Vieja_

Cativulcus takes up arms against the Romans at the instigation of

Indutiomarus, G. v. 24; poisons himself, vi. 31

Cato of Utica, the source of his hatred to Caesar, C. i. 4; made praetor

of Sicily, prepares for war, and abdicates his province, 30

Catur[)i]ges, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country of

_Embrun_, or _Ambrun_, or _Chagres_; oppose Caesar's passage over the

Alps, G. i. 10

Cavalry, their institution and manner of fighting among the Germans, G.

i. 48, iv. 2

Cavarillus taken and brought before Caesar, G. vii. 62

Cavarinus, the Senones attempt to assassinate him, G. v. 54; Caesar

orders him to attend him with the cavalry of the Senones, vi. 5

Cebenna Mons, the mountains of the _Cevennes_, in Gaul, separating the

Helvians from Auvergne

Celeja, a city of Noricum Mediterraneum, now _Cilley_

Celtae, a people of Thrace, about the mountains of Rhodope and Haemus

Celtae, an ancient people of Gaul, in that part called Gallia Comata,

between the Garumna (_Garonne_) and Sequana (_Seine_), from whom that

country was likewise called Gallia Celtica. They were the most powerful

of the three great nations that inhabited Gaul, and are supposed to be

the original inhabitants of that extensive country. It is generally

supposed that they called themselves _Gail_, or _Gael_, out of which

name the Greeks formed their [Greek: Keltai], and the Romans Galli.

Some, however, deduce the name from the Gaelic "_Ceilt,_" an inhabitant

of the forest

Celt[)i]b[=e]ri, an ancient people of Spain, descended from the Celtae,

who settled about the River Iberus, or _Ebro_, from whom the country was

called Celtiberia, now _Arragon_; Afranius obliges them to furnish a

supply of troops, C. i. 38

Celtillus, the father of Vercingetorix, assassinated by the Arverni, G.

vii. 4

Cenimagni, or Iceni, an ancient people of Britain, inhabiting the

counties of _Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire_, and _Huntingdonshire_

Cenis Mons, that part of the Alps which separates Savoy from Piedmont

Cenni, an ancient people of Celtic extraction

Cenom[=a]ni, a people of Gallia Celtica, in the country now called _Le

Manseau_, adjoining to that of the Insubres

Centr[=o]nes, an ancient people of Flanders, about the city of

_Courtray_, dependent on the Nervians

Centr[=o]nes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country of

Tarantaise

Cerauni Montes, Mountains of Epirus, _Monti di Chimera_

Cerc[=i]na, an island on the coast of Africa, _Chercara, Cercare_

Cevennes, mountains of, Caesar passes them in the midst of winter,

though covered with snow six feet deep, G. vii. 8

Chara, a root which served to support Caesar's army in extreme

necessity, C. iii. 48; manner of preparing it, _ibid_.

Chariots, manner of fighting with them among the Britons, G. iv. 33;

dexterity of the British charioteers, _ibid_.

Cherron[=e]sus, a peninsula of Africa, near Alexandria

Cherson[=e]sus Cimbr[=i]ca, a peninsula on the Baltic, now _Jutland_,

part of _Holstein, Ditmarsh_, and _Sleswic_

Cherusci, a great and warlike people of ancient Germany, between the

Elbe and the Weser, about the country now called _Mansfield_, part of

the duchy of _Brunswick_, and the dioceses of _Hildesheim_ and

_Halberstadt_. The Cherusci, under the command of Arminius (Hermann),

lured the unfortunate Varus into the wilds of the Saltus Teutoburgiensis

(Tutinger Wold), where they massacred him and his whole army. They were

afterwards defeated by Germanicus, who, on his march through the forest

so fatal to his countrymen, found the bones of the legions where they

had been left to blanch by their barbarian conqueror.--See Tacitus's

account of the March of the Roman Legions through the German forests,

_Annals,_ b. i. c. 71

Cicero, Quintus, attacked in his winter quarters by Ambi[)o]rix, G. v.

39; informs Caesar of his distress, who marches to relieve him, 46;

attacked unexpectedly by the Sigambri, who are nevertheless obliged to

retire, vi. 36

Cimbri, _the Jutlanders,_ a very ancient northern people, who inhabited

Chersonesus Cimbrica

Cing[)e]t[)o]rix, the leader of one of the factions among the Treviri,

and firmly attached to Caesar, G. v. 3; declared a public enemy, and his

goods confiscated by Indutiom[)a]rus, 56

Cing[)u]lum, a town of Pic[=e]num, in Italy, _Cingoli_

Cleopatra, engaged in a war with her brother Ptolemy, C. iii. 103

Clod[)i]us sent by Caesar to Scipio, to treat about a peace, but without

effect, C. iii. 90

Cocas[=a]tes, a people of Gaul, according to some the _Bazadois_

Caelius Rufus raises a sedition in Rome, C. iii. 20; is expelled that

city, then joins with Milo, 21; he is killed, 22

C[)o]imbra, an ancient city of Portugal, once destroyed, but now

rebuilt, on the river _Mendego_

Colchis, a country in Asia, near Pontus, including the present

_Mingrelia_ and _Georgia_

Com[=a]na Pont[)i]ca, a city of Asia Minor, _Com,_ or, _Tabachzan_

Com[=a]na of Cappadocia, _Arminacha_

Comius sent by Caesar into Britain to dispose the British states to

submit, G. iv. 21; persuades the Bellov[)a]ci to furnish their

contingent to the relief of Alesia, vii. 76; his distrust of the Romans,

occasioned by an attempt to assassinate him, viii. 23; harasses the

Romans greatly, and intercepts their convoys, 47; attacks Volusenus

Quadratus, and runs him through the thigh, 48; submits to Antony, on

condition of not appearing in the presence of any Roman, _ibid_.

Compsa, a city of Italy, _Conza,_ or _Consa_

Concordia, an ancient city of the province of _Triuli,_ in Italy, now in

ruins

Condr[=u]si, or Condr[=u]s[=o]nes, an ancient people of Belgium,

dependent on the Treviri, whose country is now called _Condrotz_,

between Liege and Namur

Conetod[=u]nus heads the Carnutes in their revolt from the Romans, and

the m******e at Genabum, G. vii. 3

Confluens Mosae et Rheni, the confluence of the Meuse and Rhine, or the

point where the Meuse joins the Vahalis, or Waal, which little river

branches out from the Rhine

Convictolit[=a]nis, a division on his account among the Aeduans, C. vii.

32; Caesar confirms his election to the supreme magistracy, 33; he

persuades Litavicus and his brothers to rebel, 37

Corc[=y]ra, an island of Epirus, _Corfu_

Cord[)u]ba, a city of Hispania Baetica, _Cordova;_ Caesar summons the

leading men of the several states of Spain to attend him there, C. ii.

19; transactions of that assembly, 21

Corf[=i]n[)i]um, a town belonging to the Peligni, in Italy, _St.

Pelino,_ al. _Penlina;_ Caesar lays siege to it, C. i. 16; and obliges

it to surrender, 24

Corinth, a famous and rich city of Achaia, in Greece, in the middle of

the Isthmus going into Peloponnesus

Corneli[=a]na Castra, a city of Africa, between Carthage and Utica

Correus, general of the Bellov[)a]ci, with six thousand foot, and a

thousand horse, lies in ambush for the Roman foragers, and attacks the

Roman cavalry with a small party, but is routed and killed, G. viii. 19

Cors[)i]ca, a considerable island in the Mediterranean Sea, near

Sardinia, which still retains its name

Cosanum, a city of Calabria, in Italy, _Cassano_

Cotta, L. Aurunculeius, dissents from Sabinus in relation to the advice

given them by Ambiorix, G. v. 28; his behaviour when attacked by the

Gauls, 33; is slain, with the great part of his men, after a brave

resistance, 37

Cotuatus and Conetodunus m******e all the Roman merchants at Genabum, G.

vii. 3

Cotus, a division on his account among the Aeduans, G. vii. 32; obliged

to desist from his pretensions to the supreme magistracy, 33

Crassus, P., his expedition into Aquitaine, G. iii. 20; reduces the

Sotiates, 22; and other states, obliging them to give hostages, 27

Crast[)i]nus, his character, and courage at the battle of Pharsalia, C.

iii. 91; where he is killed, 99

Cr[)e]m[=o]na, an ancient city of Gallia Cisalpina, which retains its

name to this day, and is the metropolis of the _Cremonese_, in Italy

Crete, one of the noblest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, now called

_Candia_

Critognatus, his extraordinary speech and proposal to the garrison of

Alesia, G. vii. 77

Curio obliges Cato to abandon the defence of Cicily, C. i. 30; sails for

Africa, and successfully attacks Varus, ii. 25; his speech to revive the

courage of his men, 32; defeats Varus, 34; giving too easy credit to a

piece of false intelligence, is cut off with his whole army, 42

Curiosol[=i]tae, a people of Gaul, inhabiting _Cornoualle,_ in Bretagne

Cycl[)a]des, islands in the Aegean Sea, _L'Isole dell' Archipelago_

Cyprus, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, between Syria and Cilicia,

_Cipro_

Cyr[=e]ne, an ancient and once a fine city of Africa, situate over

against Matapan, the most southern cape of Morea, _Cairoan_

Cyz[=i]cus, Atraki, formerly one of the largest cities of Asia Minor, in

an island of the same name, in the Black Sea

Dacia, an ancient country of Scythia, beyond the Danube, containing part

of _Hungary, Transylvania, Walachia,_ and _Moldavia_

Dalm[=a]tia, a part of Illyricum, now called _Sclavonia_, lying between

Croatia, Bosnia, Servia, and the Adriatic Gulf

D[=a]n[)u]b[)i]us, the largest river in Europe, which rises in the Black

Forest, and after flowing through that country, Bavaria, Austria,

Hungary, Servia, Bulgaria, Moldavia, and Bessarabia, receiving in its

course a great number of noted rivers, some say sixty, and 120 minor

streams, falls into the Black or Euxine Sea, in two arms

Dard[=a]nia, the ancient name of a country in Upper Moesia, which became

afterwards a part of Dacia; _Rascia_, and part of _Servia_

Dec[=e]tia, a town in Gaul,_Decise_, on the Loire

Delphi, a city of Achaia, _Delpho_, al. _Salona_

Delta, a very considerable province of Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile,

_Errif_

Diablintes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country called _Le

Perche_; al. _Diableres_, in Bretagne; al. _Lintes_ of Brabant; al.

_Lendoul_, over against Britain

Divit[)i][)a]cus, the Aeduan, his attachment to the Romans and Caesar,

G. i. 19; Caesar, for his sake, pardons his brother Dumnorix, _ibid_.;

he complains to Caesar, in behalf of the rest of the Gauls, of the

cruelty of Ariovistus, 31; marches against the Bellov[)a]ci create a

diversion in favour of Caesar, ii. 10; intercedes for the Bellov[)a]ci,

and obtains their pardon from Caesar, 14; goes to Rome to implore aid of

the senate, but without effect, vi. 12

Domitius Ahenobarbus, besieged by Caesar in Corfinium, writes to Pompey

for assistance, C. i. 15; seized by his own troops, who offer to deliver

him up to Caesar, 20; Caesar's generous behaviour towards him, 23; he

enters Marseilles, and is entrusted with the supreme command, 36; is

defeated in a sea fight by Decimus Brutus, 58; escapes with great

difficulty a little before the surrender of Marseilles, ii. 22

Domitius Calvinus, sent by Caesar into Macedonia, comes very opportunely

to the relief of Cassius Longinus, C. iii. 34; gains several advantages

over Scipio, 32

Drapes, in conjunction with Luterius, seizes Uxellodunum, G. viii. 30;

his camp stormed, and himself made prisoner, 29; he starves himself, 44

Druids, priests so called, greatly esteemed in Gaul, and possessed of

many valuable privileges, G. vi. 13

D[=u]bis, a river of Burgundy, _Le Doux_

Dumn[)a]cus besieges Duracius in Limonum, G. viii. 26; is defeated by

Fabius, 27

Dumn[)o]rix, the brother of Divitiacus, his character, G. i. 15;

persuades the noblemen of Gaul not to go with Caesar into Britain, v. 5;

deserts, and is killed for his obstinacy, 6

Duracius besieged in Limonum by Dumnacus, general of the Andes, G. viii.

26

Durocort[=o]rum, a city of Gaul, _Rheims_

D[)y]rrh[)a]ch[)i]um, a city of Macedonia, _Durazzo, Drazzi_; Caesar

endeavours to enclose Pompey within his lines near that place, C. iii.

41

Ebur[=o]nes, an ancient people of Germany, inhabiting part of the

country, now the bishopric of _Liege_, and the county of _Namur_. Caesar

takes severe vengeance on them for their perfidy, G. vi. 34, 35

Eb[=u]r[)o]v[=i]ces, a people of Gaul, inhabiting the country of

_Evreux_, in Normandy; they m******e their senate, and join with

Viridovix, G. iii. 17

Egypt, see _Aegypt_

El[=a]ver, a river of Gaul, the _Allier_

Eleut[=e]ti Cadurci, a branch of the Cadurci, in Aquitania. They are

called in many editions Eleutheri Cadurci, but incorrectly, since

Eleutheri is a term of Greek origin, and besides could hardly be applied

to a Gallic tribe like the Eleuteti, who, in place of being free [Greek:

eleutheroi], seem to have been clients of the Arverni; they furnish

troops to the relief of Alesia, G. vii. 75

Elis, a city of Peloponnesus, _Belvidere_

Elus[=a]tes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country of

_Euse_, in Gascony

Eph[)e]sus, an ancient and celebrated city of Asia Minor, _Efeso_; the

temple of Diana there in danger of being stripped, G. iii. 32

Epidaurus, a maritime city of Dalmatia, _Ragusa_

Ep[=i]rus, a country in Greece, between Macedonia, Achaia, and the

Ionian Sea, by some now called _Albania inferior_

Eporedorix, treacherously revolts from Caesar, G. vii. 54

Essui, a people of Gaul; the word seems to be a corruption from Aedui,

C. v. 24

Etesian winds detain Caesar at Alexandria, which involves him in a new

war, C. iii. 107

Eusubii, corrupted from _Unelli_, or _Lexovii_, properly the people of

_Lisieux_, in Normandy

Fabius, C., one of Caesar's lieutenants, sent into Spain, with three

legions, C. i. 37; builds two bridges over the Segre for the convenience

of foraging, 40

Fanum, a city of Umbria in Italy, _Fano_, C. i. 11

Fortune, her wonderful power and influence on matters of war, G. vi. 30

Faesulae, _Fiesoli_, an ancient city of Italy, in the duchy of Florence,

anciently one of the twelve considerable cities of Etruria.

Flavum, anciently reckoned the eastern mouth of the Rhine, now called

the _Ulie_, and is a passage out of the Zuyder Sea into the North Sea

Gab[)a]li, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country of

_Givaudan_. Their chief city was Anduitum, now _Mende_, G. vii. 64; they

join the general confederacy of Vercingetorix, and give hostages to

Luterius, G. vii. 7

Gadit[=a]ni, the people of Gades, C. ii. 18

Gal[=a]tia, a country in Asia Minor, lying between Cappadocia, Pontus,

and Paphlagonia, now called _Chiangare_

Galba Sergius, sent against the Nantuates, Veragrians, and Seduni, G.

iii. 1; the barbarians attack his camp unexpectedly, but are repulsed

with great loss, iii. 6

Galli, the Gauls, the people of ancient Gaul, now _France_; their

country preferable to that of the Germans, G. i. 31; their manner of

attacking towns, ii.6; of greater stature than the Romans, 30; quick and

hasty in their resolves, iii.8; forward in undertaking wars, but soon

fainting under misfortunes, 19; their manners, chiefs, druids,

discipline, cavalry, religion, origin, marriages, and funerals, vi.13;

their country geographically described, i.1

Gall[=i]a, the ancient and renowned country of Gaul, now _France_. It

was divided by the Romans into--

Gallia Cisalpina, Tonsa, or Togata, now _Lombardy_, between the Alps and

the river Rubicon: and--

Gallia Transalpina, or Com[=a]ta, comprehending _France, Holland, the

Netherlands_: and farther subdivided into--

Gallia Belg[)i]ca, now a part of _Lower Germany_, and the _Netherlands_,

with _Picardy_; divided by Augustus into Belgica and Germania__ and the

latter into Prima and Secunda

Gallia Celt[)i]ca, now _France_ properly so called, divided by Augustus

into Lugdun[=e]nsis, and Rothomagensis

Gallia Aquitan[)i]ca, now _Gascony_; divided by Augustus into Prima,

Secunda, and Tertia: and--

Gallia Narbonensis, or Bracc[=a]ta, now _Languedoc, Dauphiny_, and

_Provence_

Gallograecia, a country of Asia Minor, the same as _Galatia_

Gar[=i]tes, a people of Gaul, inhabiting the country now called _Gavre,

Gavaraan_

Garoceli, or Graioc[)e]li, an ancient people of Gaul, about _Mount

Genis_, or _Mount Genevre_ others place them in the _Val de Gorienne_;

they oppose Caesar's passage over the Alps, G. i. 10

Garumna, the _Garonne_, one of the largest rivers of France, which,

rising in the Pyrenees, flows through Guienne, forms the vast Bay of

Garonne, and falls, by two mouths, into the British Seas. The Garonne is

navigable as far as _Toulouse_, and communicates with the Mediterranean

by means of the great canal, G. i. 1

Garumni, an ancient people of Gaul, in the neighbourhood of the

_Garonne_, G. iii. 27

Geld[=u]ra, a fortress of the Ubii, on the Rhine, not improbably the

present village of _Gelb_, on that river eleven German miles from

N[=e]us

Gen[)a]bum, _Orleans_, an ancient town in Gaul, famous for the massacre

of the Roman citizens committed there by the Carn[=u]tes

Gen[=e]va, a city of Savoy, now a free republic, upon the borders of

Helvetia, where the Rhone issues from the Lake Lemanus, anciently a city

of the Allobr[)o]ges

Gen[=u]sus, a river of Macedonia, uncertain

Gerg[=o]via, the name of two cities in ancient Gaul, the one belonging

to the Boii, the other to the Arverni. The latter was the only Gallic

city which baffled the attacks of Caesar

Gerg[=o]via of the Averni, Vercingetorix expelled thence by Gobanitio,

G. vii. 4; the Romans attacking it eagerly, are repulsed with great

slaughter, 50

Gerg[=o]via of the Boii, besieged in vain by Vercingetorix, G. vii. 9

Germania, _Germany_, one of the largest countries of Europe, and the

mother of those nations which, on the fall of the Roman empire,

conquered all the rest. The name appears to be derived from _wer_, war,

and _man_, a man, and signifies the country of warlike men

Germans, habituated from their infancy to arms, G. i. 36; their manner

of training their cavalry, 48; their superstition 50; defeated by

Caesar, 53; their manners, religion, vi. 23; their huge stature and

strength, G. i. 39

G[=e]tae, an ancient people of Scythia, who inhabited betwixt Moesia and

Dacia, on each side of the Danube. Some think their country the same

with the present _Walachia_, or _Moldavia_

Getulia, a province in the kingdom of Morocco, in Barbary

Gomphi, a town in Thessaly, _Gonfi_, refusing to open its gates to

Caesar, is stormed and taken, C. iii. 80

Gord[=u]ni, a people of Belgium, the ancient inhabitants of _Ghent_,

according to others of _Courtray_; they join with Ambiorix in his attack

of Cicero's camp, G. v. 39

Got[=i]ni, an ancient people of Germany, who were driven out of their

country by Maroboduus Graecia, _Greece,_ a large part of Europe, called

by the Turks _Rom[=e]lia,_ containing many countries, provinces, and

islands, once the nursery of arts, learning, and sciences

Graioc[)e]li, see _Garoceli_

Grudii, the inhabitants about _Louvaine,_ or, according to some, about

_Bruges;_ they join with Ambiorix in his attack of Cicero's camp, G. v.

39

Gugerni, a people of ancient Germany, who dwelt on the right banks of

the Rhine, between the Ubii and the Batavi

Gutt[=o]nes, or Gyth[=o]nes, an ancient people of Germany, inhabiting

about the Vistula

Haemus, a mountain dividing Moesia and Thrace, _Argentaro_

Haliacmon, a river of Macedonia, uncertain; Scipio leaves Favonius with

orders to build a fort on that river, C. iii. 36

Har[=u]des, or Har[=u]di, a people of Gallia Celtica, supposed to have

been originally Germans: and by some to have inhabited the country about

_Constance_ Helv[=e]tia, _Switzerland,_ now divided into thirteen

cantons

Helv[=e]tii, _the Helvetians, or Switzers,_ ancient inhabitants of the

country of _Switzerland;_ the most warlike people of Gaul, G. i. 1;

their design of abandoning their own country, 2; attacked with

considerable loss near the river Sa[^o]ne, 12; vanquished and obliged to

return home by Caesar, 26

Helvii, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country now possessed

by the _Vivarois;_ Caesar marches into their territories, G. vii. 7

Heracl[=e]a, a city of Thrace, on the Euxine Sea, _Pantiro_

Heracl[=e]a Sent[)i]ca, a town in Macedonia, _Chesia_

Hercynia Silva, _the Hercinian Forest,_ the largest forest of ancient

Germany, being reckoned by Caesar to have been sixty days' journey in

length, and nine in breadth. Many parts of it have been since cut down,

and many are yet remaining; of which, among others, is that called the

_Black Forest;_ its prodigious extent, G. vi. 4

Hermand[=u]ri, an ancient people of Germany, particularly in the country

now called _Misnia,_ in Upper Saxony; though they possessed a much

larger tract of land, according to some, all _Bohemia_

Hermin[)i]us Mons, a mountain of _Lusitania, Monte Arm[)i]no;_ according

to others, _Monte della Strella_

Her[)u]li, an ancient northern people, who came first out of Scandavia,

but afterwards inhabited the country now called _Mecklenburg_ in Lower

Saxony, towards the Baltic

Hibernia, _Ireland,_ a considerable island to the west of Great Britain,

G. v. 13

Hisp[=a]n[)i]a, Spain, one of the most considerable kingdoms of Europe,

divided by the ancients into Tarraconensis, Baetica, and Lusitania. This

name appears to be derived from the Phoenician _Saphan,_ a rabbit, vast

numbers of these animals being found there by the Phoenician colonists

Ib[=e]rus, a river of Hispania Tarraconensis, the _Ebro,_ C. i. 60

Iccius, or Itius Portus, a seaport town of ancient Gaul; _Boulogne,_ or,

according to others, _Calais_

Ig[)i]l[)i]um, an island in the Tuscan Sea, _il Giglio, l'Isle du Lys_

Ig[)u]v[)i]um, a city of Umbria in Italy, _Gubio;_ it forsakes Pompey,

and submits to Caesar, C. i. 12

Illurgavonenses, a people of Hispania Tarraconensis, near the Iberus;

they submit to Caesar, and supply him with corn, C. i. 60

Illurgis, a town of Hispania Baetica, _Illera_

Induti[)o]m[)a]rus, at the head of a considerable faction among the

Treviri, G. v. 3; endeavouring to make himself master of Labienus's

camp, is repulsed and slain, 53

Is[)a]ra, the _Is[`e]re,_ a river of France, which rises in Savoy, and

falls into the Rhone above Valance

Isauria, a province anciently of Asia Minor, now a part of _Caramania,_

and subject to the Turks

Issa (an island of the Adriatic Sea, _Lissa_), revolts from Caesar at

the instigation of Octavius, C. iii. 9

Ister, that part of the Danube which passed by Illyricum

Istr[)i]a, a country now in Italy, under the Venetians, bordering on

Illyricum, so called from the river Ister

Istr[)o]p[)o]lis, a city of Lower Moesia, near the south entrance of the

Danube, _Prostraviza_

It[)a]l[)i]a, _Italy,_ one of the most famous countries in Europe, once

the seat of the Roman empire, now under several princes, and free

commonwealths

It[)a]l[)i]ca, a city of Hispania Baetica, _Servila la Veja;_ according

to others, _Alcala del Rio;_ shuts its gates against Varro, C. ii. 20

Itius Portus, Caesar embarks there for Britain, G. v. 5

It[=u]raea, a country of Palestine, _Sacar_

Jacet[=a]ni, or Lacet[=a]ni, a people of Spain, near the Pyrenean

Mountains; revolt from Afranius and submit to Caesar, C. i. 60

Jadert[=i]ni, a people so called from their capital Jadera, a city of

Illyricum, _Zara_

Juba, king of Numidia, strongly attached to Pompey, C. ii. 25; advances

with a large army to the relief of Utica, 36; detaches a part of his

troops to sustain Sabura, 40; defeats Cario, ii. 42; his cruelty, ii. 44

J[=u]ra, a mountain in Gallia Belgica, which separated the Sequani from

the Helvetians, most of which is now called _Mount St. Claude._ The name

appears to be derived from the Celtic, _jou-rag,_ which signifies the

"domain of God;" the boundary of the Helvetians towards the Sequani, G.

i. 2

Labi[=e]nus, one of Caesar's lieutenants, is attacked in his camp, G. v.

58, vi. 6; his stratagem, G. vii. 60; battle with the Gauls, G. vii. 59;

is solicited by Caesar's enemies to join their party, G. viii. 52; built

the town of Cingulum, C. i. 15; swears to follow Pompey, C. iii. 13; his

dispute with Valerius about a peace, C. iii. 19; his cruelty towards

Caesar's followers, C. iii. 71; flatters Pompey, C. iii. 87

Lacus B[)e]n[=a]cus, _Lago di Guardo,_ situated in the north of Italy,

between Verona, Brescia, and Trent

Lacus Lem[)a]nus, the lake upon which Geneva stands, formed by the River

Rhone, between _Switzerland_ to the north, and Savoy to the south,

commonly called the _Lake of Geneva_, G. i. 2, 8

Larin[=a]tes, the people of Larinum, a city of Italy, _Larino_; C. i. 23

Larissa, the principal city of Thessaly, a province of Macedonia, on the

river Peneo

L[)a]t[=i]ni, the inhabitants of Latium, an ancient part of Italy,

whence the Latin tongue is so called

Lat[=o]br[)i]gi, a people of Gallia Belgica, between the Allobroges and

Helvetii, in the country called _Lausanne_; abandon their country, G. i.

5; return, G. i. 28; their number, G. i. 29

Lemnos, an island in the Aegean Sea, now called _Stalimane_

Lemov[=i]ces, an ancient people of Gaul, _le Limosin_, G. vii. 4

Lemov[=i]ces Armorici, the people of _St. Paul de Leon_

Lenium, a town in Lusitania, unknown

Lent[)u]lus Marcellinus, the quaestor, one of Caesar's followers, C.

iii. 62

Lentulus and Marcellus, the consuls, Caesar's enemies, G. viii. 50;

leave Rome through fear of Caesar, C. i. 14

Lenunc[)u]li, fishing-boats, C. ii. 43

Lepontii, a people of the Alps, near the valley of _Leventini_, G. iv.

10

Leuci, a people of Gallia Belgica, where now Lorrain is, well skilled in

darting. Their chief city is now called _Toul_, G. i. 40

Lev[)a]ci, a people of Brabant, not far from Louvain, whose chief town

is now called _Leew_; dependants on the Nervii, G. v. 39

Lex, law of the Aedui respecting the election of magistrates, G. vii. 33

Lex, Julian law, C. ii. 14

Lex, the Pompeian law respecting bribery, C. iii. 1

Lex, two Caelian laws, C. iii. 20, 21

Lexovii, an ancient people of Gaul, _Lisieux_ in Normandy, G. iii. 11,

17

Liberty of the Gauls, G. iii. 8; the desire of, G. v. 27; the sweetness

of, G. iii. 10; the incitement to, G. vii. 76; C. i. 47

Libo, praefect of Pompey's fleet, C. iii. 5; converses with Caesar at

Oricum, C. iii. 16; takes possession of the Island at Brundisium, C.

iii. 23; threatens the partisans of Caesar, C. iii. 24; withdraws from

Brundisium, _ibid_.

Liburni, an ancient people of Illyricum, inhabiting part of the present

_Croatia_

Liger, or Ligeris, the _Loire_; one of the greatest and most celebrated

rivers of France, said to receive one hundred and twelve rivers in its

course; it rises in Velay, and falls into the Bay of Aquitain, below

Nantz, G. iii. 5

Lig[)u]ria, a part of ancient Italy, extending from the Apennines to the

Tuscan Sea, containing _Ferrara_, and the territories of _Genoa_

Limo, or Lim[=o]num, a city of ancient Gaul, _Poitiers_

Ling[)o]nes, a people of Gallia Belgica, inhabiting in and about

_Langres_, in Champagne, G. i. 26, 40

Liscus, one of the Aedui, accuses Dumnorix to Caesar, G. i. 16, 17

Lissus, an ancient city of Macedonia, _Alessio_

Litavicus, one of the Aedui, G. vii. 37; his treachery and flight, G.

vii. 38

Lucani, an ancient people of Italy, inhabiting the country now called

_Basilicate_

Luceria, an ancient city of Italy, _Lucera_

Lucretius Vespillo, one of Pompey's followers, C. iii. 7

Lucterius or Laterius, one of the Cadurci, vii. 5, 7

Lusit[=a]nia, _Portugal_, a kingdom on the west of Spain, formerly a

part of it

Lusitanians, light-armed troops, C. i. 48

Lutetia, _Paris_, an ancient and famous city, now the capital of all

France, on the river _Seine_

Lygii, an ancient people of Upper Germany, who inhabited the country now

called _Silesia_, and on the borders of _Poland_

M[)a]c[)e]d[=o]nia, a large country, of great antiquity and fame,

containing several provinces, now under the Turks

Macedonian cavalry among Pompey's troops, C. iii. 4

Mae[=o]tis Palus, a vast lake in the north part of Scythia, now called

_Marbianco_, or _Mare della Tana_. It is about six hundred miles in

compass, and the river Tanais disembogues itself into it

Maget[)o]br[)i]a, or Amagetobria, a city of Gaul, near which Ariovistus

defeated the combined forces of the Gauls. It is supposed to correspond

to the modern _Moigte de Broie_, near the village of _Pontailler_

Mandub[)i]i, an ancient people of Gaul, _l'Anxois_, in Burgundy; their

famine and misery, G. vii. 78

Mandubratius, a Briton, G. v. 20

Marcellus, Caesar's enemy, G. viii 53

Marcius Crispus, is sent for a protection to the inhabitants of Thabena

Marcomanni, a nation of the Suevi, whom Cluverius places between the

Rhine, the Danube and the Neckar; who settled, however, under

Maroboduus, in _Bohemia_ and _Moravia_. The name Marcomanni signifies

border-men. Germans, G. i. 51

Marruc[=i]ni, an ancient people of Italy, inhabiting the country now

called _Abruzzo_, C. i. 23; ii. 34

Mars, G. vi. 17

Marsi, an ancient people of Italy inhabiting the country now called

_Ducato de Marsi_, C. ii. 27

Massilia, _Marseilles_, a large and flourishing city of Provence, in

France, on the Mediterranean, said to be very ancient, and, according to

some, built by the Phoenicians, but as Justin will have it, by the

Phocaeans, in the time of Tarquinius, king of Rome

Massilienses, the inhabitants of Marseilles, C. i. 34-36

Matisco, an ancient city of Gaul, _Mascon_, G. vii. 90

Matr[)o]na, a river in Gaul, the _Marne_, G. i. 1

Mauritania, _Barbary_, an extensive region of Africa, divided into M.

Caesariensis, Tingitana, and Sitofensis

Mediomatr[=i]ces, a people of Lorrain, on the Moselle, about the city of

_Mentz_, G. iv. 10

Mediterranean Sea, the first discovered sea in the world, still very

famous, and much frequented, which breaks in from the Atlantic Ocean,

between Spain and Africa, by the straits of Gibraltar, or Hercules'

Pillar, the _ne plus ultra_ of the ancients

Meldae, according to some the people of _Meaux_; but more probably

corrupted from _Belgae_

Melodunum, an ancient city of Gaul, upon the Seine, above Paris,

_Melun_, G. vii. 58, 60

Menapii, an ancient people of Gallia Belgica, who inhabited on both

sides of the Rhine. Some take them for the inhabitants of _Cleves_, and

others of _Antwerp, Ghent_, etc., G. ii. 4; iii. 9

Menedemus, C. iii. 34

Mercurius, G. v. 17

Mes[)o]p[)o]t[=a]mia, a large country in the middle of Asia, between the

Tigris and the Euphrates, _Diarbeck_

Mess[=a]na, an ancient and celebrated city of Sicily, still known by the

name of _Messina_, C. iii. 101

M[)e]taurus, a river of Umbria, now called _Metoro_, in the duchy of

Urbino

Metios[=e]dum, an ancient city of Gaul, on the Seine, below Paris,

_Corbeil_, G. vii. 61

Metr[)o]p[)o]lis, a city of Thessaly, between Pharsalus and Gomphi, C.

iii. 11

Milo, C. iii. 21

Minerva, G. vi. 12

Minutius Rufus, C. iii. 7

Mitylene, a city of Lesbos, _Metelin_

Moesia, a country of Europe, and a province of the ancient Illyricum,

bordering on Pannonia, divided into the Upper, containing _Bosnia_ and

_Servia_, and the Lower, called _Bulgaria_

Mona, in Caesar, the Isle of _Man_; in Ptolemy, _Anglesey_, G. v. 13

Mor[)i]ni, an ancient people of the Low Countries, who probably

inhabited on the present coast of _Bologne_, on the confines of

_Picardy_ and _Artois_, because Caesar observes that from their country

was the nearest passage to Britain, G. ii. 4

Moritasgus, G. v. 54

Mosa, the _Maess_, or _Meuse_, a large river of Gallia Belgica, which

falls into the German Ocean below the Briel, G. iv. 10

Mosella, the _Moselle_, a river which, running through Lorrain, passes

by Triers and falls unto the Rhine at Coblentz, famous for the vines

growing in the neighbourhood of it

Mysia, a country of Asia Minor, not far from the Hellespont, divided

Into Major and Minor

Nabathaei, an ancient people of Arabia, uncertain

Nann[=e]tes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country about

_Nantes_, G. iii. 9

Nantu[=a]tes, an ancient people of the north part of Savoy, whose

country is now called _Le Chablais_, G. iii. 1

Narbo, _Narbonne_, an ancient Roman city in Languedoc, in France, said

to be built a hundred and thirty-eight years before the birth of Christ,

G. iii. 20

Narisci, the ancient people of the country now called _Nortgow_, in

Germany, the capital of which is the famous city of Nuremburg

Nasua, the brother of Cimberius, and commander of the hundred cantons of

the Suevi, who encamped on the banks of the Rhine with the intention of

crossing that river, G. i. 37

Naupactus, an ancient and considerable city of Aetolia, now called

_Lepanto_, C. iii. 35

Nem[=e]tes, a people of ancient Germany, about the city of Spire, on the

Rhine, G. i. 51

Nemetocenna, a town of Belgium, not known for certain; according to

some, _Arras_, G. viii, 47

Neocaesarea, the capital of Ponts, on the river Licus, now called

_Tocat_

Nervii, an ancient people of _Gallia Belgica_, thought to have dwelt in

the now diocese of _Cambray_. They attacked Caesar on his march, and

fought until they were almost annihilated, G. ii. 17

Nessus, or Nestus, a river is Thrace, _Nesto_ Nicaea, a city of

Bithynia, now called _Isnick_, famous for the first general council,

anno 324, against Arianism

Nit[=o]br[)i]ges, an ancient people of Gaul, whose territory lay on

either side of the Garonne, and corresponded to the modern Agennois, in

the department of Lot-et-Garonne. Their capital was Agrimum, now

_Agen_, G. vii. 7, 31, 46, 75

Noreia, a city on the borders of Illyricum, in the province of Styria,

near the modern village of Newmarket, about nine German miles from

Aquileia, G. i. 5

N[=o]r[)i]cae Alpes, that part of the Alps which were in, or bordering

upon, Noricum

N[=o]r[)i]c*m, anciently a large country, and now comprehending a great

part of _Austria, Styria, Carinthia_, part of _Tyrol, Bavaria_, etc.,

and divided into Noricum Mediterraneum and Ripense. It was first

conquered by the Romans under Tiberius, in the reign of Augustus, and

was celebrated for its mineral treasures, especially iron

N[)o]v[)i][)o]d[=u]num Belgarum, an ancient city of Belgic Gaul, now

called _Noyon_

N[)o]v[)i][)o]d[=u]num Bitur[)i]gum, _Neuvy_, or _Neufvy_, G. vii. 12

N[)o]v[)i][)o]d[=u]num Aeduorum, _Nevers_, G. vii. 55

N[)o]v[)i][)o]d[=u]num Suessionum, _Soissons, al. Noyon_, G. ii. 12

N[)o]v[)i]om[=a]gum, _Spire_, an ancient city of Germany, in the now

upper circle of the Rhine, and on that river

Numantia, a celebrated city of ancient Spain, famous for a gallant

resistance against the Romans, in a siege of fourteen years; _Almasan_

Numeius, G. i. 7

Num[)i]dae, the inhabitants of, G. ii. 7

Numid[)i]a, an ancient and celebrated kingdom of Africa, bordering on

Mauritania; _Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli_, etc.

N[=y]mphaeum, a promontory of Illyricum, exposed to the south wind, and

distant about three miles from Lissus, _Alessio_, C. iii. 26

Oc[)e]lum, a town situated among the Cottian Alps, Usseau in Piedmont,

G. i. 10

Octavius, C. iii. 9

Octod[=u]rus, a town belonging to the Veragrians, among the Pennine

Alps, now _Martigny_ in the Valois, G. iii. 1 Octog[=e]sa, a city of

Hispania Tarraconensis, _Mequinenza_, C. i. 61

Ollovico, G. vii. 31

Orch[)o]m[)e]nus, a town in Boeotia, _Orcomeno_, C. iii. 5 5

Orcynia, the name given by Greek writers to the Hercynian forest

Orget[=o]rix, G. i. 2, 3

Or[)i]c*m, a town in Epirus, _Orco, or Orcha_, C. iii. 11, 12

Osc[=e]nses, the people of Osca, a town in Hispania Tarraconensis, now

_Huescar_, C. i. 60

Os[=i]sm[)i]i, an ancient people of Gaul, one of the Gentes Armoricae.

Their country occupied part of Neodron Brittany; capital Vorganium,

afterwards Osismii, and now _Korbez_. In this territory also stood

Brivatas Portus, now _Brest_, G. i. 34

Otacilii, C. iii. 28

Padua, the _Po_, the largest river in Italy, which rises in Piedmont,

and dividing Lombardy into two parts, falls into the Adriatic Sea, by

many mouths; south of Venice

Paem[=a]ni, an ancient people of Gallia Belgica; according to some,

those of _Luxemburg_; according to others, the people of _Pemont_, near

the Black Forest, in part of the modern _Lugen_, G. ii. 4

P[)a]laeste, a town in Epirus, near Oricurn

Pann[=o]n[)i]a, a very large country in the ancient division of Europe,

divided into the Upper and Lower, and comprehended betwixt Illyricum,

the Danube, and the mountains Cethi

P[)a]ris[)i]i, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country now

called the _Isle of France_. Their capital was Lutetia, afterwards

Parisii, now _Paris_, G. vi. 3

P[=a]rth[)i]a, a country in Asia, lying between Media, Caramania, and

the Hyreanian Sea

Parthians at war with Rome, C. iii. 31

P[=a]rth[=i]ni, a people of Macedonia; their chief city taken by storm,

C. iii. 41

P[=e]l[=i]gni, a people of Italy in Abruzzo, C. i. 15

P[)e]l[)o]ponn[=e]sus, the _Morea_, a famous, large, and fruitful

peninsula of Greece, now belonging to the Venetians

P[=e]l[=u]s[)i]um, an ancient and celebrated city of Egypt, _Belbais_;

Pompey goes to it, C. iii. 103; taken by Mithridates

P[=e]rg[)a]mus, an ancient and famous city of Mysia, _Pergamo_

Per[)i]nthus, a city of Thrace, about a day's journey west of

Constantinople, now in a decaying condition, and called _Heraclea_

P[=e]rs[)i]a, one of the largest, most ancient and celebrated kingdoms

of Asia

P[=e]tra, an ancient city of Macedonia, uncertain

Petreius, one of Pompey's lieutenants, C. i. 38

P[=e]tr[)o]g[)o]r[)i]i, a country in Gaul, east of the mouth of the

Garumna; their chief city was Vesuna, afterwards Petrocorii, now

_Perigueux_, the capital of Perigord

Pe[=u]c[=i]ni, the inhabitants of the islands of Peuce, in one of the

mouths of the Danube

Ph[=a]rs[=a]l[)i]a, a part of Thessaly, famous for the battle between

Caesar and Pompey, which decided the fate of the Roman commonwealth

Pharus, an isle facing the port of Alexandria in ancient Egypt; _Farion_

Phasis, a large river in Colchis, now called _Fasso_, which flows into

the Euxine Sea

Ph[)i]lippi, a city of Macedonia, on the confines of Thrace, _Filippo_

Ph[)i]l[=i]pp[)o]p[)o]lis, a city of Thrace, near the river Hebrus,

_Filippopoli_

Phr[)y]g[)i]a, two countries in Asia Minor, one called Major, the other

Minor

P[=i]c[=e]num, an ancient district of Italy, lying eastward of Umbria;

_the March of Ancona_; according to others, _Piscara_

P[=i]cti, _Picts_, an ancient barbarous northern people, who by

inter-marriages became, in course of time, one nation with the Scots; but

are originally supposed to have come out of Denmark or Scythia, to the

Isles of Orkney, and from thence into Scotland

P[=i]ct[)o]nes, an ancient people of Gaul, along the southern bank of

the Liger, or Loire. Their capital was Limonum, afterwards Pictones, now

_Paitross_, in the department _de la Vienne_, G. iii. 11

Pir[=u]stae, an ancient people of Dalmatia, Illyricum, on the confines

of Pannonia. They are the same as the Pyraci of Pliny (H. N. iii. 22),

G. v. i

P[)i]saurum, a city of Umbria in Italy, _Pisaro_

Piso, an Aquitanian, slain, G. iv. 12

Placentia, an ancient city of Gallia Cisalpina, near the Po, now the

metropolis of the duchy of _Piacenza_, which name it also bears

Pleum[)o]si, an ancient people of Gallia Belgica, subject to the

Nervians, and inhabiting near _Tournay_

Pompey, at first friendly to Caesar, G. vi. 1; subsequently estranged,

G. viii. 53; could not bear an equal his authority, power, and

influence, C. i. 61; sends ambassadors to Caesar, C. i. 8, 10; always

received great respect from Caesar, C. i. 8; Caesar desires to bring him

to an engagement, C. iii. 66; his unfortunate flight, C. iii. 15, 94,

102; his death, C. iii. 6, 7.

Pomponius, C. iii. 101

Pontus Eux[=i]nus, the _Euxine,_ or _Black Sea_, from the Aegean along

the Hellespont, to the Maeotic Lake, between Europe and Asia

Posth[)u]m[)i][=a]na Castra, an ancient town in Hispania Baetica, now

called _Castro el Rio_

Pothinus, king Ptolemy's tutor, C. iii. 108; his death, C. iii. 112

Praeciani, an ancient people of Gaul, _Precius_; they surrendered to the

Romans, G. iii. 27

Provincia Rom[=a]na, or Romanorum, one of the southern provinces of

France, the first the Romans conquered and brought into the form of a

province, whence it obtained its name; which it still in some degree

retains, being called at this day _Provence_. It extended from the

Pyrenees to the Alps, along the coast. _Provence_ is only part of the

ancient Provincia, which in its full extent included the departments of

Pyr['e]n['e]es-Orientales, l'Arri[`e]ge, Aude[**Note: misprint "Ande" in

the original], Haute Garonne, Tarn, Herault, Gard, Vaucluse, Bouches-du-

Rh[^o]ne, Var, Basses-Alpes, Hautes-Alpes, La Dr[^o]me, l'Is[`e]re,

l'Ain

Prusa, or Prusas, _Bursa_, a city of Bithynia, at the foot of Olympus,

built by Hannibal

Ptolemaeius, Caesar interferes between him and Cleopatra, C. iii. 107;

his father's will, C. iii. 108; Caesar takes the royal youth into his

power, C. iii. 109

Pt[)o]l[)e]m[=a]is, an ancient city of Africa, _St. Jean d'Acre_

Publius Attius Varus, one of Pompey's generals, C. ii. 23 Pyrenaei

Montes, the _Pyrenees_, or _Pyrenean mountains_, one of the largest

chains of mountains in Europe, which divide Spain from France, running

from east to west eighty-five leagues in length. The name is derived

from the _Celtic Pyren_ or _Pyrn_, a high mountain, hence also Brenner,

in the Tyrol

Ravenna, a very ancient city of Italy, near the coast of the Adriatic

Gulf, which still retains its ancient name. In the decline of the Roman

empire, it was sometimes the seat of the emperors of the West; as it was

likewise of the Visi-Gothic kingdom, C. i. 5

Raur[=a]ci, a people of ancient Germany, near the Helvetii, who

inhabited near where _Basle_ in Switzerland now is; they unite with the

Helvetii, and leave home, G. i. 5, 29

Rebilus, one of Caesar's lieutenants, a man of great military

experience, C. ii. 34

Remi, the people of _Rheims_, a very ancient, fine, and populous city of

France, in the province of Champagne, on the river Vesle; surrender to

Caesar, G. ii. 3; their influence and power with Caesar, G. v. 54; vi.

64; they fall into an ambuscade of the Bellovaci, G. viii. 12

Rh[-e][)d]ones, an ancient people of Gaul inhabiting about _Rennes,_ in

Bretagne; they surrender to the Romans, G. ii. 34

Rhaetia, the country of the _Grisons,_ on the Alps, near the Hercynian

Forest

Rhenus, the _Rhine,_ a large and famous river in Germany, which it

formerly divided from Gaul. It springs out of the Rhaetian Alps, in the

western borders of Switzerland, and the northern of the Grisons, from

two springs which unite near Coire, and falls into the Meuse and the

German Ocean, by two mouths, whence Virgil calls it Rhenus bicornis. It

passes through Lacus Brigantinus, or the Lake of Constance, and Lacus

Acronius or the Lake of Zell, and then continues its westerly direction

to Basle (Basiliae). It then bends northward, and separates Germany from

France, and further down Germany from Belgium. At Schenk the Rhine sends

off its left-hand branch, the Vahalis (Waal), by a western course to

join the Mosa or Meuse. The Rhine then flows on a few miles, and again

separates into two branches--the one to the right called the Flevo, or

Felvus, or Flevum--now the Yssel, and the other called the Helium, now

the _Leek_. The latter joins the Mosa above Rotterdam. The Yssel was

first connected with the Rhine by the canal of Drusus. It passed through

the small lake of Flevo before reaching the sea which became expanded

into what is now called the Zuyder Zee by increase of water through the

Yssel from the Rhine. The whole course of the Rhine is nine hundred

miles, of which six hundred and thirty are navigable from Basle to the

sea.--G. iv. 10, 16, 17; vi. 9, etc.; description of it, G. iv. 10

Rh[)o]d[)a]nus, the _Rhone_, one of the most celebrated rivers of

France, which rises from a double spring in Mont de la Fourche, a part

of the Alps, on the borders of Switzerland, near the springs of the

Rhine. It passes through the Lacus Lemanus, Lake of Geneva, and flows

with a swift and rapid current in a southern direction into the Sinus

Gallicus, or Gulf of Lyons. Its whole course is about four hundred miles

Rhod[)o]pe, a famous mountain of Thrace, now called _Valiza_

Rh[)o]dus, Rhodes, a celebrated island in the Mediterranean, upon the

coast of Asia Minor, over against Caria

Rhynd[)a]gus, a river of Mysia in Asia, which falls into the Propontis

R[)o]ma, _Rome_, once the seat of the Roman empire, and the capital of

the then known world, now the immediate capital of Camagna di Roma only,

on the river Tiber, and the papal seat; generally supposed to have been

built by Romulus, in the first year of the seventh Olympiad, B.C. 753

Roscillus and Aegus, brothers belonging to the Allobroges, revolt from

Caesar to Pompey, C. iii. 59

Roxol[-a]ni, a people of Scythia Europaea, bordering upon the Alani;

their country, anciently called Roxolonia, is now _Red Russia_

R[)u]t[-e]ni, an ancient people of Gaul, to the north-west of the Volcae

Arecomici, occupying the district now called Le Rauergne. Their capital

was Segodunum, afterwards Ruteni, now Rhodes, G. i. 45; vii. 7, etc.

S[=a]bis, _the Sambre_, a river of the Low Countries, which rises in

Picardy, and falls into the Meuse at Namur, G. ii. 16, 18; vi. 33

Sabura, general of king Juba, C. ii. 38; his stratagem against Curio, C.

ii. 40; his death, C. ii. 95

Sadales, the son of king Cotys, brings forces to Pompey, C. iii. 4

Salassii, an ancient city of Piedmont, whose chief town was where now

_Aosta_ is situate

Salluvii, _Sallyes_, a people of Gallia Narbonensis, about where _Aix_

now is

Sal[=o]na, an ancient city of Dalmatia, and a Roman colony; the place

where Dioclesian was born, and whither he retreated, after he had

resigned the imperial dignity

S[=a]lsus, a river of Hispania Baetica, _Rio Salado_, or _Guadajos_

S[)a]m[)a]r[:o]br[=i]va, _Amiens_, an ancient city of Gallia Belgica,

enlarged and beautified by the emperor Antoninus Pius, now Amicus, the

chief city of Picardy, on the river Somme; assembly of the, Gauls held

there, G. v. 24

S[=a]nt[)o]nes, the ancient inhabitants of _Guienne_, or _Xantoigne_, G.

i. 10

S[=a]rd[)i]n[)i]a, a large island in the Mediterranean, which in the

time of the Romans had forty-two cities, it now belongs to the Duke of

Savoy, with the title of king

S[=a]rm[=a]t[)i]a, a very large northern country, divided into Sarmatia

Asiatica, containing _Tartary, Petigora, Circassia_, and the country of

the _Morduitae_; and Sarmatia Europaea, containing _Russia_, part of

_Poland, Prussia_, and _Lithuania_

Savus, the _Save_, a large river which rises in Upper Carniola, and

falls into the Danube at Belgrade

Scaeva, one of Caesar's centurions, displays remarkable valour, C. iii.

5 3; his shield is pierced in two hundred and thirty places

Sc[=a]ldis, the _Scheld_, a noted river in the Low Countries, which

rises in Picardy, and washing several of the principal cities of

Flanders and Brabant in its course, falls into the German Ocean by two

mouths, one retaining its own name, and the other called the _Honte_.

Its whole course does not exceed a hundred and twenty miles. G. vi. 33

Scandinav[)i]a, anciently a vast northern peninsula, containing what is

yet called _Schonen_, anciently Scania, belonging to _Denmark_; and part

of _Sweden_, _Norway_, and _Lapland_

Scipio, his opinion of Pompey and Caesar, C. i. 1, 21; his flight, C.

iii. 37

S[)e]d[=u]l[)i]us, general of the Lemovices; his death, G. vii. 38

S[=e]d[=u]ni, a people of Gaul, to the south-east of the Lake of Geneva,

occupying the upper part of the Valais. Their chief town was Civitus

Sedunorum, now _Sion_, G. iii. i

S[=e]d[=u]s[)i]i, an ancient people of Germany, on the borders of

Suabia, G. i. 51

S[=e]gni, an ancient German nation, neighbours of the Condrusi,

_Zulpich_

S[=e]g[=o]nt[)i][=a]ci, a people of ancient Britain, inhabiting about

Holshot, in Hampshire, G. v. 21

Segovia, a city of Hispania Baetica, _Sagovia la Menos_

S[)e]g[=u]s[)i][=a]ni, a people of Gallia Celtica, about where _Lionois

Forest_ is now situate

Sen[)o]nes, an ancient nation of the Celtae, inhabiting the country

about the _Senonois_, in Gaul

Sequ[)a]na, the _Seine_, one of the principal rivers of France, which

rising in the duchy of Burgundy, not far from a town of the same name,

and running through Paris, and by Rouen, forms at Candebec a great arm

of the sea

Sequ[)a]ni, an ancient people of Gallia Belgica, inhabiting the country

now called the _Franche Comt['e]_, or the _Upper Burgundy_; they bring

the Germans into Gaul, G. vi. 12; lose the chief power, _ibid_.

Servilius the consul, C. iii. 21

S[=e]s[=u]v[)i]i, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting about _Seez_;

they surrender to the Romans, G. ii. 34

Sextus Bibaculus, sick in the camp, G. vi. 38; fights bravely against

the enemy, _ibid_.

Sextus Caesar, C. ii. 20

Sextus, Quintilius Varus, qaestor, C. i. 23; C. ii. 28

Sib[=u]z[=a]tes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country

around the _Adour_; they surrender to the Romans, G. iii. 27

Sicil[)i]a, _Sicily_, a large island in the Tyrrhene Sea, at the

south-west point of Italy, formerly called the storehouse of the Roman

empire, it was the first province the Romans possessed out of Italy,

C. i. 30

S[)i]c[)o]ris, a river in Catalonia, the _Segre_

S[)i]g[)a]mbri, or S[)i]c[)a]mbri, an ancient people of Lower Germany,

between the Maese and the Rhine, where _Cuelderland_ is; though by some

placed on the banks of the Maine, G. iv. 18

Silicensis, a river of Hispania Baetica, _Rio de las Algamidas_. Others

think it a corruption from _Singuli_

Sinuessa, a city of Campania, not far from the Save, an ancient Roman

colony, now in a ruinous condition; _Rocca di Mondragon['e]_

Soldurii, G. iii. 22

S[)o]t[)i][=a]tes, or Sontiates, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting

the country about _Aire_; conquered by Caesar Aquillus, G. iii. 20, 21

Sp[=a]rta, a city of Peloponnesus, now called _Mucithra_, said to be as

ancient as the days of the patriarch Jacob

Spolet[)i]um, _Spoleto_, a city of great antiquity, of Umbria, in Italy,

the capital of a duchy of the same name, on the river Tesino, where are

yet some stately ruins of ancient Roman and Gothic edifices

Statius Marcus, one of Caesar's lieutenants, C. iii. i 5

S[)u][=e]ss[)i][=o]nes, an ancient people of Gaul, _les Soissanois_; a

kindred tribe with the Remi, G. ii. 3; surrender to Caesar, G. iii. 13

Su[=e]vi, an ancient, great, and warlike people of Germany, who

possessed the greatest part of it, from the Rhine to the Elbe, but

afterwards removed from the northern parts, and settled about the

Danube; and some marched into Spain, where they established a kingdom,

the greatest nation in Germany, G. i. 37, 51, 54; hold a levy against

the Romans, G. iv. 19; the Germans say that not even the gods are a

match for them, G. iii. 7; the Ubii pay them tribute, G. iv. 4

S[=u]lmo, an ancient city of Italy, _Sulmona_; its inhabitants declare

in favour of Caesar, C. i. 18

Sulpicius, one of Caesar's lieutenants, stationed among the Aedui, C. i.

74

Supplications decreed in favour of Caesar on several occasions, G. ii.

15; _ibid_. 35; iv. 38

Suras, one of the Aeduan nobles, taken prisoner, G. viii. 45

Sylla, though a most merciless tyrant, left to the tribunes the right of

giving protection, C. i. 5, 73

Syrac[=u]sae, _Saragusa_, once one of the noblest cities of Sicily, said

to have been built by Archias, a Corinthian, about seven hundred years

before Christ. The Romans besieged and took it during the second Punic

war, on which occasion the great Archimedes was killed

S[=y]rtes, _the Deserts of Barbary_; also two dangerous sandy gulfs in

the Mediterranean, upon the coast of Barbary, in Africa, called the one

Syrtis Magna, now the _Gulf of Sidra_; the other Syrtis Parva, now the

_Gulf of Capes_

T[)a]m[)e]sis, the _Thames_, a celebrated and well-known river of Great

Britain; Caesar crosses it, G. v. 18

Tan[)a]is, the _Don_, a very large river in Scythia, dividing Asia from

Europe. It rises in the province of Resan, in Russia, and flowing

through Crim-Tartary, runs into the Maeotic Lake, near a city of the

same name, now in ruins

T[=a]rb[=e]lli, a people of ancient Gaul, near the Pyrenees, inhabiting

about _Ays_ and _Bayonne_, in the country of _Labourd_; they surrender

to Crassus, G. iii. 27

Tarcundarius Castor, assists Pompey with three hundred cavalry, C. iii.

4

Tarr[)a]c[=i]na, an ancient city of Italy, which still retains the same

name

T[=a]rr[)a]co, _Tarragona_, a city of Spain, which in ancient time gave

name to that part of it called Hispania Tarraconensis; by some said to

be built by the Scipios, though others say before the Roman conquest,

and that they only enlarged it. It stands on the mouth of the river

Tulcis, now _el Fracoli_, with a small haven on the Mediterranean; its

inhabitants desert to Caesar, C. i. 21, 60

Tar[=u]s[=a]tes, an ancient people of Gaul, uncertain; according to

some, _le Teursan_; they surrender to the Romans, G. iii. 13, 23, 27

Tasg[=e]t[)i]us, chief of the Carnutes, slain by his countrymen, G. v.

25

Taur[=o]is, a fortress of the inhabitants of Massilia

Taurus, an island in the Adriatic Sea, unknown

Taurus Mons, the largest mountain in all Asia, extending from the Indian

to the Aegean Seas, called by different names in different countries,

viz., Imaus, Caucasus, Caspius, Cerausius, and in Scripture, Ar[)a]rat.

Herbert says it is fifty English miles over, and 1500 long

Taximagulus, one of the four kings or princes that reigned over Kent, G.

v. 22

Tect[)o]s[)a]ges, a branch of the Volcae, G. vi. 24

Tegea, a city of Africa, unknown

Tenchth[)e]ri, a people of ancient Germany, bordering on the Rhine, near

_Overyssel_; they and the Usip[)e]tes arrive at the banks of the Rhine,

iv. 4; cross that river by a stratagem, _ibid_.; are defeated with great

slaughter, _ibid_. 15

Tergeste, a Roman colony, its inhabitants in the north of Italy cut off

by an incursion, G. viii. 24

Terni, an ancient Roman colony, on the river Nare, twelve miles from

Spol[=e]tum

Teutomatus, king of the Nitobriges, G. vii. 31

Teut[)o]nes, or Teutoni, an ancient people bordering on the Cimbri, the

common ancient name for all the Germans, whence they yet call themselves

_Teutsche_, and their country _Teutschland_; they are repelled from the

territories of the Belgae, G. ii. 4

Thebae, Thebes, a city of Boeotia, in Greece, said to have been built by

Cadmus, destroyed by Alexander the Great, but rebuilt, and now known by

the name of _Stives_; occupied by Kalenus, C. iii. 55

Therm[)o]pylae, a famous pass on the great mountain Oeta, leading into

Phocis, in Achaia, now called _Bocca di Lupa_

Thessaly, a country of Greece, formerly a great part of Macedonia, now

called _Janna_; in conjunction with Aetolia, sends ambassadors to

Caesar, C. iii. 34; reduced by Caesar, _ibid_. 81

Thessalon[=i]ca, a chief city of Macedonia, now called _Salonichi_

Thracia, a large country of Europe, eastward from Macedonia, commonly

called _Romania_, bounded by the Euxine and Aegean Seas

Th[=u]r[=i]i, or T[=u]r[=i]i, an ancient people of Italy, _Torre

Brodogneto_

Tigur[=i]nus Pagus, one of the four districts into which the Helvetii

were divided according to Caesar, the ancient inhabitants of the canton

of _Zurich_ in Switzerland, cut to pieces by Caesar, G. i. 12

Titus Ampius attempts sacrilege, but is prevented, C. iii. 105

Tol[=o]sa, _Thoulouse_, a city of Aquitaine, of great antiquity, the

capital of Languedoc, on the Garonne

Toxandri, an ancient people of the Low Countries, about _Breda_, and

_Gertruydenburgh_; but according to some, of the diocese of _Liege_

Tralles, an ancient city of Lydia in, Asia Minor, _Chara_, C. iii. 105

Trebonius, one of Caesar's lieutenants, C. i. 36; torn down from the

tribunal, C. iii. 21; shows remarkable industry in repairing the works,

C. ii. 14; and humanity, C. iii. 20

Trev[)i]ri, the people of _Treves_, or _Triers_, a very ancient city of

Lower Germany, on the Moselle, said to have been built by Trebetas, the

brother of Ninus. It was made a Roman colony in the time of Augustus,

and became afterwards the most famous city of Gallia Belgica. It was for

some time the seat of the western empire, but it is now only the seat of

the ecclesiastical elector named from it, G. i. 37; surpass the rest of

the Gauls in cavalry, G. ii. 24; solicit the Germans to assist them

against the Romans, G. v. 2, 55; their bravery, G. viii. 25; their

defeat, G. vi. 8, vii. 63

Tr[)i]b[)o]ci, or Tr[)i]b[)o]ces, a people of ancient Germany,

inhabiting the country of _Alsace_, G. i. 51

Tribunes of the soldiers and centurions desert to Caesar, C. i. 5

Tribunes (of the people) flee to Caesar, C. i. 5

Trin[)o]bantes, a people of ancient Britain, inhabitants of the counties

of _Middlesex_ and _Hertfordshire_, G. v. 20

Troja, _Troy_, a city of Phrygia, in Asia Minor, near Mount _Ida_,

destroyed by the Greeks, after a ten years' siege

Tubero is prevented by Attius Varus from landing on the African coast,

G. i. 31

Tulingi, an ancient people of Germany, who inhabited about where now

_Stulingen_ in Switzerland is; border on the Helvetii, G. i. 5

Tungri, an ancient people inhabiting about where Tongres, in Liege, now

is

Tur[=o]nes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting about _Tours_

Tusc[)i], or Hetrusci, the inhabitants of _Tuscany_, a very large and

considerable region of Italy, anciently called Tyrrh[=e]nia, and Etruria

Ubii, an ancient people of Lower Germany, who inhabited about where

_Cologne_ and the duchy of _Juliers_ now are. They seek protection from

the Romans against the Suevi, G. iv. 3; tributary to the Suevi, _ibid_.;

declare in favour of Caesar, G. iv. 9, 14

Ulcilles Hirrus, one of Pompey's officers, C. i. 15

Ulla, or Ulia, a town in Hispania Baetica, in regard to whose situation

geographers are not agreed; some making it _Monte Major_, others

_Vaena_, others _Vilia_

Umbria, a large country of Italy, on both sides of the Apennines

Unelli, an ancient people of Gaul, uncertain, G. ii. 34

Urbigenus, one of the cantons of the Helvetii, G. i. 27

Usip[)e]tes, an ancient people of Germany, who frequently changed their

habitation

Usita, a town unknown

Uxellod[=u]num, a town in Gaul, whose situation is not known; according

to some, _Ussoldun_ besieged and stormed, G. viii. 32

Vah[)a]lis, the _Waal_, the middle branch of the Rhine, which, passing

by Nim[)e]guen, falls into the Meuse, above Gorcum, G. iv. 10

Valerius Flaccus, one of Caesar's lieutenants, C. i. 30; his death, C.

iii. 5 3

Val[=e]t[)i][)a]cus, the brother of Cotus, G. vii. 32

Vangi[)o]nes, an ancient people of Germany, about the city of _Worms_,

G. i. 51

V[=a]r[=e]nus, a centurion, his bravery, G. v. 44

Varro, one of Pompey's lieutenants, C. i. 38; his feelings towards

Caesar, C. ii. 17; his cohorts driven out by the inhabitants of Carmona,

C. ii. 19; his surrender, C. ii. 20

V[=a]rus, the _Var_, a river of Italy, that flows into the Mediterranean

Sea, C. i. 87

Varus, one of Pompey's lieutenants, is afraid to oppose Juba. C. ii. 44;

his flight, C. ii. 34

Vatinius, one of Caesar's followers, C. iii. 100

V[)e]launi, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting about _Velai_

Vellaunod[=u]num, a town in Gaul, about which geographers are much

divided; some making it _Auxerre_, others _Chasteau Landon_, others

_Villeneuve_ in Lorraine, others _Veron_. It surrenders, G. vii. 11

Velocasses, an ancient people of Normandy, about _Rouen_, G. ii. 4

V[)e]n[)e]ti, this name was anciently given as well to the _Venetians_

as to the people of _Vannes_, in Bretagne, in Gaul, for which last it

stands in Caesar. They were powerful by sea, G. iii. 1; their senate is

put to death by Caesar, G. iii. 16; they are completely defeated,

_ibid_. 15; and surrender, _ibid_. 16

Veragri, a people of Gallia Lugdunensls, whose chief town was Aguanum,

now _St. Maurice_, G. iii. 1

Verb[)i]g[)e]nus, or Urb[)i]g[)e]nus Pagus, a nation or canton of the

Helvetians, inhabiting the country in the neighbourhood of _Orbe_

Vercelli Campi, the _Plains of Vercellae_, famous for a victory the

Romans obtained there over the Cimbri. The city of that name is in

Piedmont on the river Sesia, on the borders of the duchy of Milan

Vercingetorix, the son of Celtillus, receives the title of king from his

followers, G. vii. 4; his plans, G. vii. 8; is accused of treachery, G.

vii. 20; his acts, G. vii. 8; surrenders to Caesar, G. vii. 82

Vergasillaunus, the Arvernian, one of the Gallic leaders, G. vii. 76;

taken prisoner, G. vii. 88

Vergobr[)e]tus, the name given to the chief magistrate among the Aedui,

G. i. 16

V[)e]r[)u]doct[)i]us, one of the Helvetian embassy who request

permission from Caesar to pass through the province, G. i. 7

Veromand[)u]i, a people of Gallia Belgica, whose country, now a part of

Picardy, is still called _Vermandois_

Ver[=o]na, a city of Lombardy, the capital of a province of the same

name, on the river Adige, said to have been built by the Gauls two

hundred and eighty-two years before Christ. It has yet several remains

of antiquity

Vertico, one of the Nervii. He was in Cicero's camp when it was attacked

by the Eburones, and prevailed on a slave to carry a letter to Caesar

communicating that information, G. v. 49

Vertiscus, general of the Remi, G. viii. 12

Vesontio, _Besan[,c]on_, the capital of the Sequani, now the chief city

of Burgundy, G. i. 38

Vett[=o]nes, a people of Spain, inhabiting the province of

_Estremadura_, C. i. 38

Vibo, a town in Italy, not far from the Sicilian Straits, _Bibona_

Vibullius Rufus, one of Pompey's followers, C. i. 15

Vienna, a city of Narbonese Gaul, _Vienne in Dauphiny_, G. vii. 9

Vindel[)i]ci, an ancient people of Germany, inhabitants of the country

of Vindelicia, otherwise called Raetia secunda

Viridomarus, a nobleman among the Aedui, G. vii. 38

Viridorix, king of the Unelli, G. iii. 17

Vist[)u]la, the _Weichsel_, a famous river of Poland, which rises in the

Carpathian mountains, in Upper Silesia, and falls into the Baltic, not

far from Dantzic, by three mouths

Visurgis, the _Weser_, a river of Lower Germany, which rises in

Franconia, and, among other places of note, passing by Bremen, falls

into the German Ocean, not far from the mouth of the Elbe, between that

and the Ems

V[)o]c[=a]tes, a people of Gaul, on the confines of the Lapurdenses, G.

iii. 23

Vocis, the king of the Norici, G. i. 58

V[)o]contii, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting about _Die_, in

Dauphiny, and _Vaison_ in the county of Venisse

Vog[)e]sus Mons, the mountain of _Vauge_ in Lorrain, or, according to

others, _de Faucilles_, G. iv. 10

Volcae Arecom[)i]ci, and Tectosages, an ancient people of Gaul,

inhabiting the _Upper_ and _Lower Languedoc_

Volcae, a powerful Gallic tribe, divided into two branches, the

Tectosages and Arecomici, G. vii. 7

Volcatius Tullus, one of Caesar's partisans, C. iii. 52