ENDNOTES Endnote 1: The bison of Pliny; the urus of Caesar. The bison, destroyed in all other countries of Europe, is only to be found in Poland in the forest of Bialowieza, where a special body of guards takes care of this rare animal. Endnote 2: It means here a fort, a stronghold, a castle. Endnote 3: Grzywna or mark was equal to half pound of silver. Endnote 4: High sharp pointed hat. Endnote 5: Crooked. Endnote 6: Polish tata = papa; hence the diminutive and endearing terms tatus, tatutu and tatulku = “dear papa,” “dear little papa,” etc. Endnote 7: Another form of diminutive from tata—father. Endnote 8: Church with certain special privileges. It is a popular expression for the church called collegiata, in Latin. Endnote 9: Silesia. Endnote 10: A popular exclamation of joy—so

