At this point, the Carlos faction’s chances of victory had already greatly diminished, something Charles VII himself fully understood. He was torn internally: should he continue leading a meaningless rebellion with his army, or should he find an opportunity to escape and hide, waiting for a new chance? Although escaping early was clearly the better choice, for Charles VII who had long waited for his moment, surrendering now would probably mean never ascending the Spanish throne during his lifetime. The Carlos faction had existed for less than forty years, starting from the reign of Queen Isabella. But in that short span, the faction had already seen four “monarchs”: Charles V, Charles VI, Juan III, and Charles VII. Charles VII also understood why the Carlos faction had survived and be

