Infectious diseases are of many types. Microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites causes infectious diseases. The infectious agent that causes the disease is called pathogen. Moreover, the organism that is invaded by an infectious agent is called the host. Agents that cause rapid and severe diseases are said to be virulent infectious diseases. They are responsible for a quarter to a third of all deaths. Most disease-causing organisms or pathogens are microscopic in size because of their small size they referred to as microbes or microorganisms. The study of these organisms is called microbiology and who study them are called microbiologist. Not all microbes cause disease. Many such as bacteria living in our digestive tracts are beneficial and even essential to us. There are different groups of microbes or infectious agents that cause diseases. Disease causing microbes: • Bacteria causes diseases such as strep throat, pneumonia, tuberculosis. • Viruses which cause the flu, AIDS, chickenpox and other diseases. • Protozoa causes malaria. • Fungi which causes sinusitis and skin diseases. Transmission of infectious diseases Infectious diseases can be spread in many ways. A particular pathogen usually has a specific way in which it is transmitted. The transmission depends on the type of cell or tissue that the agent targets.  Through air -When infected person coughs or sneezes the virus are released into the air, by inhaling this air infection spreads from infected person to other  Through contaminated food or water  Through body fluids  By direct contact with contaminated objects  By animal vectors such as insects, birds, bats, etc. Once a person becomes infected, there is usually a standard course or phases that the disease runs through. These phases are characterized by certain sings such as fever, coughing, vomiting, rashes that can be observed by examining a patient. The time between infection and the appearance of signs and symptoms is called incubation period. During this period of time a person will be unaware that they are infected but they may already be contagious. The next phase called the prodromal phase a patient will experience mild, nonspecific symptoms that signal onset of some diseases. Next is the clinical phase during which the person experiences the typical signs and symptoms of disease. Treatment is done in this phase, and the number of infectious agents begins to drop. The decline phase in which the body’s activities gradually return to normal. The last phase of the infectious disease is the recovery phase. At this phase, symptoms are disappeared, and the body regains strength. Dropping the spread of Infectious diseases is done through vaccines, antimicrobial drugs, good personal hygiene and sanitation, protection against mosquitoes and quarantine. Dr.Ravi Kiran is the best infectious disease specialist in Hyderabad. He did a rotation at the University of Chicago in the infectious diseases, due to which his interest in the infectious diseases has developed more. He also did a super specialization in the infectious diseases from University of Wisconsin, USA. He has more than 15 years of experience as a infectious doctor. Contact: Dr.Ravi Kiran Ph No: +919581398868 https://drravikiran.com/

Oncology is the study of cancer and cancer treatment. There are many different types of cancer and many different treatment options available, so the specific treatment approach will depend on the type of cancer and the individual patient. Some common cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. These treatments may be used alone or in combination, depending on the specific case. • Surgery Surgery is a common treatment for cancer, and it involves removing the cancerous growth or tissue. This can be done through a variety of techniques, such as excision, ablation, or resection. • Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. These drugs may be administered orally or intravenously and can be given in different combinations and doses depending on the type of cancer and the patient's specific circumstances. • Radiation therapy Radiation therapy is the process of using high-energy beams, such as X-rays or protons, to kill cancer cells. This can be done using external beam radiation, in which the beams are directed at the cancer from a machine outside the body, or internal radiation, in which a radioactive substance is placed inside the body near the cancer. • Targeted therapy Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that targets specific molecules that are involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. This can be more precise than other cancer treatments, which may also affect healthy cells. In addition to these main treatment modalities, patients may also receive supportive care to manage the side effects of treatment and improve their quality of life. This may include medications, nutrition support, and pain management. It's important to note that cancer treatment can be complex and may involve a team of healthcare professionals, including oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, and other specialists. Treatment decisions should be made with the help of a healthcare team, taking into account the individual patient's needs and preferences. Dr.Chinnababu Sunkavalli is the best oncology specialist in Hyderabad with more than 20 years of experience. He had super speciality training in surgical oncology from Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad. At present he is working at Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad as director of surgical oncology. For more details contact: DrChinnababu Sunkavalli Ph No: +919000126776 Website: https://drchinnababu.com/surgical-oncology/