(IGCSE HISTORY). why did the war of independence 1857 failed?
643 Words
WHY DID THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE FAILS
.although the resentment of british was a single cause
.the indians were not united,there was no general plan
.different groups in different places fought for different reasons
.the mughal emperor was a figurehead, however many princes didn’t want imperial power restore.
.the punjab and sindh was captured by troop of bengal under the command of british officers, when these soldier rebelled against british, it wasn't surprising that punjab and sindh was not interested in supporting them
.perhaps the muslim was the only uniting force opposing against british, muslim were minority,kings that was replaced by british were mainly muslim,they wanted bahadur II to restore power, this is why muslim was much more prepared for the war,
BRITISH STRENGTH
.perhaps the main reason for failure of the war was that british was too strong
.britain was the most powerful nations and its troops were train to fight with modern weapons with modern method of fighting,they had a good reputation for discipline in battlefield
.the only hope for indian, was that they had to unite to oppose the british,however the british were skilled diplomats, who knew that most of indian rulers weren’t united, it was easy for british to play the various group against each other
THE EFFECT OF WAR
.the war was intended to loosen the control of british,instead it tighten the control
.the war was over after the proclamation of allahbad in 1858
BRITISH RULE
.After war of independence, the eic was abolished, the british would take the responsibility of all matters in india,the british member of cabinet,secretary of state was given the responsibility of government of india
.the direct responsibility was in the hands of governor general , who was assisted by members of ics to help him administer the country,indian princes who was loyal to british was allowed to remain on thrones,however they were require to follow the policy of british,the british queen victoria became the empress of india
.bahadur II was sentenced life imprisonment and he was sent to live in burma
THE MUSLIMS
.the british largely blamed muslim for cause of independence
.the british didn’t trusted muslims they recruited mostly from pathans,sikhs and gurkhas
.the muslim objected that british education in english was unislamic,the british withdrew funds from muslim education,hence muslim education decline
.therefore, the hindus found it as opportunity, readily accepted british education and many of them frequently learned to speak, many minors jobs were offered to indians which were mostly hindus
THE BIRTH OF NATIONALIST IDEAS
.after war of independence, the british took strong measure to ensure that their rule was unchallenged
British rule proved to be unpopular with indians , they were largely excluded from governing india, member of british council and secretary of state in charge of deciding policy, the policy was administered by governor general assisted by executive council, the everyday business of british was carried out by indIAN CIVIL SERVICE
.in other area, british made sure that india has run in way to benefit themselves
.indian were given fewer opportunities,indians recruited in army increase from ⅕ to 1/2 , recruitment from less trustworthy areas like oudh was stopped
.l0rd lytton ended the import duties on british cotton, these duties were made british ended, with duties ended, british became cheaper in local cotton, the locals found it difficult to sell their goods
,the lack of opportunities for indians led to widespread criticism of the british in newspaper, in response the british passed vernacular act in 1878, which placed strict control on newspaper, same year british pass the arms act which made indians impossible to own weapons and to ensure that uprising would be less effective
.1866 the ralinarayan bose founded a society for the promotion of national idea
In 1870 many political parties was founded, the most significant of all was indian congress founded in 1885
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