Section 1: Brief Article Summary Section I discusses patterns of crime and victimization rates and trends since the 1960s and 1970s.post-1960 there was an increase in violent crime in most western societies preceded by a much longer period of decline. This article describes broad public policy approaches for dealing with crime: criminal law enforcement, prevention, harm reduction, regulation, decriminalization, and nonintervention obscured by the occurrence of three great surges of violent crime which began back in 1850 to 1900 and 1960(cook,1979, pg. 743). This was attributed to an upsurge attributed and was characterized by rising in homicides among the black community. Since 1960 there were some drastic changes to these climes which long-term declining trend is a manifestation of cultural change in Western society, especially the growing sensitization to violence and the development of increased internal and external controls on aggressive behavior associated with the blacks due to the oppression nature from slave trade and inequality. In section 2, it describes the organization of the justice system, its failures, and its mandate in reducing crime, issues concerning crime, its causes, and its cures. Section three discussed the increase of imprisonment since 1973 of the black community and what the justice system was expected to do. Punishment methods, processes, segments, sequences, and trends differ greatly from one state to another. All use a mix of kind prison terms, community punishments, beheading community penalties, such as probation and community service, and fines and bonds, but the details vary greatly since the mid-1960s.